alcontali

When considering the terms that you use in your argument: "good", "inherently", "value", "objectively", "immoral", the very first question that spring...

Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction by which offspring arise from a single organism, and inherit the genes of that parent only; it does not...

What escapes me is why people who ask that kind of questions stubbornly refuse to learn from the history of Russell's paradox. 1) They are incredibly ...

There is still a difference between sexual orientation and engaging in hate speech on the other gender. I have never heard gay men saying hateful thin...

All proofs are justifications, but not all justifications are proofs. Proof means that a statement necessarily follows from the construction logic of ...

If God were male, then God would be involved in sexual reproduction. Why else do two sexes exist? That means that God would be meant to have a wife an...

In the animal kingdom, male and female animals always have different roles. If that were not the case, there would be no point in having two sexes. It...

No, merely syntactically: S1=true \wedge S2=\negS1 \Rightarrow S2=false Because: S2=\negS1 \Rightarrow S2=\negtrue \Rightarrow S2=false S2 syntactical...

Logic does not allow for discovering correspondence-theory truth. Only observation can attempt to do that. Logic does something completely different. ...

The term "moral values" describes rules which decide what behaviour is permissible and what is not. If these rules can be expressed in language, then ...

Can there be proof for the proposition X="There is no proof for X in theory T" in theory T? If there is proof for X in theory T, then theory T is inco...

In what way will you justify your claim about Helen's attitude? You have absolutely no certainty about what she really values. Helen may possibly not ...

These are different cases. The aboriginals in Australia are not being banned from (parts of) Australia. The same holds true for native Americans. A na...

Whatever you say about Helen's attitude, it is not possibly knowledge, because there is no way in which you could ever justify it.

Justification means that our view on Helen's attitude necessarily follows from it. What justification could you ever produce? Anything solid? Anything...

There are two possibilities. Either the judgment is about the real, physical world, or else it is about an abstract, Platonic world. In the first case...

In that case, a serious problem occurs because the meaning of "true" defaults to correspondence-theory truth, which is always empirical. Therefore, wh...

The conclusions/theorems in an abstract, Platonic world are necessarily ramified. It is a non-optional requirement that conclusions/theorems can be re...

Morality is not about empirically observing/testing patterns in the real, physical world and can therefore not possibly be correspondence-theory "true...

First of all, there is an enormous problem with knowledge as a Justified (true) Belief. Mathematics is not correspondence-theory "true". In fact, math...

Yes. ;-)

Experimental testing is another purely mechanical procedure. If a machine cannot (conceivably) carry out or repeat the tests, then there is something ...

Reason is just a verification tool to travel safely from premises to conclusion. Morality rests on ultimate premises about which Reason necessarily sa...

What else can it do? There exists a mechanical procedure to verify the purported path between conclusion and premises. It is the ability to carry out ...

It is only "reason" if you can feed the premises along with the derivation path into a device so that it can use a purely-mechanical procedure to veri...

Laws backed by experimental testing -- no matter how extensive the testing -- cannot guarantee that nothing will contravene them. That is a core chara...

An example of a system that is weak enough as such that the incompleteness problem does not occur is the Presburger arithmetic. It only uses "0" and "...

It is not clear. There are different interpretations possible for the Schrödinger's cat thought experiment, one of which is that pre-measurement value...

Undecidable is actually stronger. It means not only unprovable, but also that the negation is unprovable.

That what they will measure, does not exist, until they measure it.

In quantum entanglement, any measurement of a property of a particle performs an irreversible collapse on that particle and will change the original q...

If we look at the six main sub-disciplines in philosophy -- there could be other ones -- i.e. ontology, epistemology, ethics, metaphysics, aesthetics,...

Yes, agreed. The hermeneutic circle (German: hermeneutischer Zirkel) describes the process of understanding a text hermeneutically. It refers to the i...

Behaviour guided by Reason, means that the behaviour necessarily follows from some premise. This is possible, but in that case, which premise? Hence, ...

Well, if this ultimate premise were reasonable, we would be able to demonstrate how it necessarily follows from another, even more ultimate premise .....

A lot of our behaviour -- I would even think most of it -- is inspired by other, unknown mental faculties that are not reason itself. Even the behavio...

People never "follow reason". If you reason from X, then you are following X. You always follow the ultimate premise from which you are reasoning, whi...

Reason is always right in what it says about X, if what it says necessarily follows from X. At the same time, you cannot use Reason to find X. Further...

There is only "Reason From". There is no Reason irrespective of what one is reasoning from. So, if you reason from X, the outcome will be determined b...

I was looking for extended definitions for the term "consistency" when either extending the permissible logic language or the permissible truth values...

Garbage in, garbage out! ;-)

Reason can only verify that a conclusion necessarily follows from its premise. At some point, the process of chaining back from premise to justifying ...

Reason cannot say where to find the basic rules for ethics, simply, because discovering the basic rules for anything is not the job of reason. It is a...

There is also an alternative version of propositional calculus that only has one inference rule, i.e. modus ponens, and two operators, AND and OR, whi...

A lot of philosophers believe that the discovery of new knowledge is the result of a rational procedure. That is why they fail to discover it. Reason ...

Science is pretty much a Platonic cave shadow of what the real, unknown laws of nature are. At best, science has an uncanny ability to resist experime...

Since the emotion of hate exists, it must have some kind of useful survival value. Just like all emotions, however, you will need to remain in control...

In his lecture, Gödel and the end of physics, Stephen Hawking argued that it is Gödel's incompleteness theorems that prevent the discovery of the theo...

Reason needs to stick to what it is meant to do, i.e. to verify a conclusion from its evidence. The idea that you could discover new knowledge by reas...

This is indeed a really important question. I think that reason is no more than the ability to verify that a conclusion necessarily follows from its e...