For Descartes against the recent study that debunks the simulation theory
https://news.ok.ubc.ca/2025/10/30/ubco-study-debunks-the-idea-that-the-universe-is-a-computer-simulation/
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Even if this new study is right (which, philosophically speaking, doesn’t matter to me), it stands to reason that the Cartesian “dream argument” remains totally unaffected thereby.
That is to say, in no way can it refute that reality is merely a dream that’s generated from a transcendent realm by a superior mind, who’s equipped with “non-algorithmic understanding.” Nay, they can’t say that it’s impossible without contradicting themselves. For, they ground their very own work on the existence of such a transcendent realm; hence, they assert, “… what physicists call a Platonic realm—a mathematical foundation more real than the physical universe we experience. It’s from this realm that space and time themselves emerge.”
Thus, not only does their work not refute Descartes’ “dream argument,” it in no way even begins to challenge it.
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Even if this new study is right (which, philosophically speaking, doesn’t matter to me), it stands to reason that the Cartesian “dream argument” remains totally unaffected thereby.
That is to say, in no way can it refute that reality is merely a dream that’s generated from a transcendent realm by a superior mind, who’s equipped with “non-algorithmic understanding.” Nay, they can’t say that it’s impossible without contradicting themselves. For, they ground their very own work on the existence of such a transcendent realm; hence, they assert, “… what physicists call a Platonic realm—a mathematical foundation more real than the physical universe we experience. It’s from this realm that space and time themselves emerge.”
Thus, not only does their work not refute Descartes’ “dream argument,” it in no way even begins to challenge it.
Comments (51)
Here's the paper. Might be worth a closer examination, maybe a walk through.
The devil will be in the detail.
I'll use this here on the forum whenever someone proposes another “Theory of Everything.”
The paper looks like the final nail in the coffin of positivism, but it seems like the guys are 100 years too late
You seemingly misunderstand not only Descartes’ “dream argument” but even the aforementioned study. The former in no way entails that all aspects of reality can be described through computations alone, just as the latter (“We have demonstrated that it is impossible to describe all aspects of physical reality using a computational theory of quantum gravity.”)
Thus, again, this study in no way even begins to challenge, let alone refutes, the Cartesian “dream argument.”
The paper doesn't mention Descartes, nor dreams.
I'm not at all sure why you want to introduce these seemingly oblique notions. Indeed, since the dream argument is about whether what we perceive is real, and this article is about computability, it seems to me that you are talking about something quite different to the article.
Now both the dream argument and the present article stand against the theory of everything as a reasonable supposition, albeit from very different standpoints.
So perhaps they are not entirely at odds?
(Edited)
well of course you can't disprove God without a doubt...you can always say something like "well, the universe is controlled by algorithms we don't understand..."
I think this is right, and I have my own thoughts on why I find the article unconvincing, which may or may not be similar. Any simulation doesn’t have to simulate reality, it only has to simulate our, my, experience of reality. You can no more disprove simulation theory than you can solipsism.
I forgot to say—welcome to the forum.
(2021)
Quoting 180 Proof
I appreciate that. Thank you.
Quoting T Clark
I’ve seen others make the same, or a very similar, reply in defense of the simulation theory, namely, that it doesn’t entail that the baseline reality is one; yet it does it appear that if it’s held that reality is ultimately a simulation, this falls in the face of the study. But, admittedly, I’ve never deeply pursued the simulation theory, & so I wouldn’t be the one to uphold & defend it on such grounds against the aforementioned study. Although I shouldn’t be said to be against hearing someone pursue this course of thought who’s more knowledgeable about the simulation theory.
Contrary to popular belief, Descartes doesn’t say that we can’t obtain certainty about reality. Indeed, he very much emphasizes the point that he has a method (hence, his “Discourse on the Method”) to determine what can’t even be possibly doubted to be real.
Never said that it does.
Quoting Banno
The study is about the simulation theory, the precursor of which, so people who’re in the Western tradition often say, either rightly or wrongly, is the Cartesian “dream argument.” This thread is just to deny that if the study is right, then the latter is false is somehow implied thereby.
& so, no, why should it seem that I’m talking of quite different things here, when both are about our understanding of reality?
Quoting Banno
Again, you seemingly misunderstand not only the study but also Descartes’ “dream argument.” The former stands against there being a theory of everything that can be derived from computation alone, & not against a theory of everything per se (“Therefore, no physically complete and consistent theory of everything can be derived from computation alone. Rather, it requires…”). & the latter just mistrusts the senses in the achievement of it, not one per se (“[i]Whatever I have up till now accepted as most true I have acquired either from the senses
or through the senses. But from time to time I have found that the senses deceive, and it is prudent never to trust completely those who have deceived us even once[/i].” [from “The Mediations”]).
Quoting Banno
Yes, perhaps… given that I happen to point out, in the O.P., one of the major reasons why it is that they can’t be, namely, a true understanding of reality requires, in both, something deeper or more fundamental than spatiotemporality.
Your reply is somewhat ambiguous, in my opinion.
Are you saying, in opposition to or against the aforementioned study, that one can eventually describe all phenomena through computations or algorithms grounded in the laws of physics & they’re just not currently known? Or are you saying that one can doubt that they certainly understand the universe, & so you don’t oppose the Cartesian “dream argument” because it hasn’t been nor can it ever be demonstrated to be false, i.e., disproven?
Clarification would be nice here on that head.
Meehhh not so sure that's me.
I'll leave you to it. the article needs a deeper dive than is provided here.
I think you took the wrong lesson here. We cannot make any truth claims about things we cannot know. That's all that means. No matter what we learn this fact will never change.
I think this is exactly right under the condition that you are correct when you say neither God nor the simulation can be proven or disproven, even in theory. I’m not sure that’s true, but I’m pretty sure it hasn’t been proved untrue by the article linked in the OP.
What the research proposes is a domain of abstract mathematical structure—symmetries, constraints, and relations—from which the behaviour of physical systems can be modelled as if they emerge. That’s “transcendental” in the Kantian sense: what must be the case for the observations to be possible at all, even though they are not themselves empirical objects but deductive conjecture.
That is a claim about formal structure, not about mind as such.
The OP, however, imports a completely different meaning of “transcendent”: the Cartesian/theistic sense of a superior Mind imagining or dreaming the world into being.
These two senses of “transcendent” are not even in the same ontological category.
So the move from:
“Physics appeals to a Platonic realm of mathematical structure”
to
“Therefore physics presupposes a transcendent mind capable of generating reality like a dream”
is an equivocation. The terms “transcendent” and “transcendental” are being blurred together (a distinction which Kant took considerable pains to differentiate.)
Mathematical Platonism ? Cartesian idealism.
Sorry, I’m lost. I don’t understand the argument you’re making. My argument isn’t in defense of simulation theory. I’m only saying the linked article doesn’t disprove it.
Quoting blazed2today
It’s not something I’ve studied either, but I don’t think it takes a lot of study to see the holes in the argument in the linked article.
By the way, if you like science fiction, I recommend a book called “NPC” by Jeremy Robinson. I really like the way he deals with this subject.
It has always struck me that the only place platonic forms could exist would be in the mind of God.
(Also - I never took the idea of universe as simulation the least seriously, so the fact that it’s been ‘disproven’ doesn’t much impress me. But I really like the style of the argument.)
No, as far as I know, he didn’t and I wasn’t trying to claim he did. It was my own inference and it still makes sense to me.
I think I take it a bit more literally—If there is no God, there are no forms.
Here’s what I wrote in my first post in this thread:
Quoting T Clark
I don’t understand how what you wrote addresses what I wrote.
It doesn't have to: i was just expanding on what i was saying in response to the OP, since you were expanding on what i said...i didn't even read your first post in the thread...
That you’re bowing out is understandable given your noted misjudgments thus far. Anyhow, do as you feel. Take care.
When you said that, Quoting T Clark This appeared to me to be your counter or defense against the study; in other words, you’re saying that the latter case is still acceptable, contra the study.
Also, I wasn’t making any argument, I was just relaying that I’ve seen people who hold to the simulation theory counter or reply to the study in a similar way, that is, they say that “their experience of” reality is a simulation, not necessarily the baseline reality or reality itself.
Quoting T Clark
I’m personally not so sure. I think that it requires a good amount of studying of the simulation theory in order to advance it justifiably against serious objectors.
Quoting T Clark
Thanks for the recommendation. My list of books that I intend to read is already pretty long, but I just may have to check that out some time in the not so distant future. So, yeah, thanks again.
That’s all what means? Indeed, that part of the O.P. that you’ve quoted & are replying to here just points out that because the researchers’ understanding of reality has recourse to a “Platonic realm,” or to something which is deeper or more fundamental than spacetime itself, this as such precludes them from controverting the Cartesian “dream argument,” which also has recourse to something deeper or more fundamental than spatiotemporality.
So, your reply appears to be quite misplaced.
So, to make sure, again, are you, in opposition to or against the study, (1) saying that the simulation theory hasn’t been disproven by the study? Also, (2) that Descartes’ “dream argument” can neither be disproven nor proven & therefore as such it stands unchallenged in your view?
The research concludes that a true understanding of reality must appeal to something deeper or more fundamental than spacetime itself, which Descartes’ “dream argument” doesn’t contradict but rather openly admits.
Quoting Wayfarer
All of this is really just a verbal quibble, which is ultimately insignificant.
My use of “transcendent” simply means what’s not contained within the phenomenal world, which applies both to Kant’s a-priori forms of sensibility, i.e., the pure forms of space & time aren’t themselves phenomena, & any mind within the Cartesian “dream argument,” i.e., the mind isn’t a sensuous phenomenon. So, your differentiation here is honestly inconsequential.
Yet your invocation of Kant is odd, seeing as his whole philosophy is based or hinges on the “ding-an-sich,” which is “transcendent” in the way that you insist on taking it. Thus, even in Kant, as with the study & Descartes’ “dream argument,” the transcendent is indispensable.
Quoting Wayfarer
I never made such a move, nor did I claim that mathematical Platonism is equivalent with Cartesian idealism. If you carefully re-read the O.P., along with what else has been said in this thread, it should be obvious that my point is simply that the researchers’ appeal to the Platonic realm, or to something deeper or more fundamental than spacetime itself, rather than being in opposition to Descartes’ “dream argument,” is quite compatible with it.
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Well, then, Wayfarer, I’m glad that you can see that now.
Quoting Wayfarer
As I expressed to another member, Quoting blazed2today
For what it's worth, I think the Cartesian 'dream argument' is defeated in principle by Kant's 'refutation of idealism' in the B edition of COPR. But that's a whole other can of worms.
Well, alrighty then. :cool:
Quoting Wayfarer
Ah, Kant. He certainly does open up quite a few can of worms, doesn’t he? Although I appreciate your willingness to engage, & I’m a little tempted to discuss his supposed refutation of it with you, I think that I’ll leave that alone for the moment. However, I just might take up the point with you some other time, perhaps in another thread. Cheers. :up:
You know what? If you like (no insistence at all), you can state why you think that that’s the case, & I’ll make sure to eventually to address your argument (I don’t want to say that I immediately will because I’d like to mull over your posts rather than engage in a crossfire or speedy exchange). Yet it’s up to you if you’d like that, no insistence or pressure at all.
I'm not opposed to the study, it seems they are saying that nature itself is not algorithmic, which i'm sure is possible to prove to an extent...i'm just saying that it's completely impossible to prove that the universe is not a simulation for the same reasons that it's completely impossible to prove that there isn't a god or deity. Both arguments are extra-sensory in nature, implying some other existence we are unaware of.
The descarte dream argument was also made by some asian philosopher as well, but our intuition and experience can show us the difference between waking experience and a dream...but not necessarily, so descarte is correct. For example, there have been times recently when i will think something i saw in a dream is a memory i had, then ill remember it was in a dream. It's usually inconsequential, but during one college course i had a long time ago, I thought that I read the section the teacher wanted us to read in class, but when i got to class, i realized i only dreamed that i read the section in the book...it's not like it would have helped me much to have realized it was a dream during the day, as i undoubtedly had other classes and duties, but i've seen multiple examples from my life how a dream can at least appear like it actually happened....
Do you think that a “round square” is an impossibility? If so, then, well, obviously it’s not impossible to know what isn’t the case in the “extra-sensory.”
Quoting ProtagoranSocratist
Good to know that you see yourself in agreement with him.
I only have a somewhat vague recollection of Kant’s work, as I once did rank his philosophy highly but now don’t so much & forsook much of it because his procedure at times appears so artificial, not to mention his errors, contradictions. Yet I’ve been reminded here why I turned away from most of his philosophy. His arguments & understanding of things can be quite ill-formulated.
As in this one. His objection isn’t just flawed, it backfires on himself all the worse.
For, he himself doesn’t grant that any empirical phenomena can exist independently of the mind or subject. So, it’s to be asked, by “perceive persisting objects in space outside me” does he mean that we perceive something that’s independent of the mind or subject? If so, he contradicts himself. If not, then, well, he’d be denying that we perceive anything that’s independent of the mind or subject, which is right in line with the Cartesian “dream argument.”
So, again, not only is his objection flawed, it backfires on him & ends up being in line with Descartes’ “dream argument.”
Its all the dream argument ever meant. "You can't know the truth of what is outside of the realm of experience". No study about our universe will ever refute this.
but you're taking one example and over-generalizing; to know a round square exists or not, you just need to create it yourself. Not so simple with the other examples...(god and universe as simulation)
How can creating it yourself prove that it doesn’t exist? That would be absurd. Moreover, just because I can’t create something doesn’t mean that it doesn’t exist, e.g., I can’t create myself, yet that doesn’t mean that I don’t exist.
So, obviously, neither way can be said to be how we know that a “round square” can’t exist; which, again, reveals that it’s not impossible to know what isn’t the case in the “extra-sensory.”
I can’t tell, is this supposed to be you opposing the Cartesian “dream argument”? If we can’t know the truth of what’s outside of the realm of experience, then, by that, one can’t truly know that there’s anything outside of the realm of experience at all. So, we can doubt it altogether, since one can doubt the truth of what one can’t know. Thus, we arrive at Descartes’ doubt, such that this may merely be all a dream, i.e., we arrive at Descartes’ “dream argument.”
So, yeah, I don’t see how this can be an objection to it, if it’s even supposed to be an objection?
I was saying the opposite.
Nope, I'm not objecting to it. Just noting that whether the universe is real or a simulation, the outlook still applies.
Were you to treat the paper seriously, you would have a much more interesting thread.
Although I wouldn’t state that I have a perfect understanding of it, who’s to say that I don’t treat it seriously? On the contrary, far from it being the case that I don’t take it seriously & dismiss it, I welcome it & all of its implications. Yet, again, this in no way affects the Cartesian “dream argument,” which is ultimately all that matters here.
Quoting Philosophim
Good to know that you don’t deny it.
Quoting Philosophim
I’ll keep in mind that you made note of that.
Quoting ProtagoranSocratist
You clearly said, Quoting ProtagoranSocratist That’s a conditional statement (which is made more obvious if one adds “in order” to the beginning of it), wherein what succeeds the comma is the antecedent & what precedes it is the consequent. Thus, literally, your statement is, “you just need to create it yourself IN ORDER to know a round square exists or not.” So, no, you weren’t saying the opposite. You were saying an absurdity, which I questioned.
In my opinion, this is a great deal more absurd than my proposition...who was asking you to break things down grammatically? Is this part of the simulation we were discussing earlier, some glitch in the matrix that caused you to start barking in grammatical structure?