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Concerning Wittgenstein's mysticism.

Sapien1 March 22, 2022 at 01:20 6200 views 39 comments
I read somewhere that Wittgenstein was into mysticism, or rather he believed there is something mystical about the world. It's well known now that human beings have evolved from primitive fish. How do beings such as us get to have a mystical side to the world we live in? Was Wittgenstein wrong about this aspect of his? He's said to have been a genius. Did his world view change during the period which he wrote philosophical investigations? Was he just a creature of his time? Or was he an evolutionary mystic? If so, what is mystical about evolution?

Comments (39)

Shwah March 22, 2022 at 01:56 #670851
Reply to Sapien1
He said at the end of tractatus that "what one cannot say one shouldn't speak of". This was confused by carnap and the austrian school that he was a logical empiricist. He wasn't saying that though, he was christian after reading cs lewis's famous christianity book about the gospels (which he liked better than the gospels he read after and had to be convinced that the gospels were worthy of cs lewis attributions).
In that I'm not sure what you mean by a mystic unless you mean christian who wasn't very religious.

Newton was into very esoteric spirituality and became a private unitarian after investigating the bible.
Angelo Cannata March 22, 2022 at 12:02 #671108
Quoting Sapien1
or rather he believed there is something mystical about the world


I think you are expressing your hypothesis about Wittgenstein's mysticism in a way that is not helpful to make things clear. Wittgenstein was not a metaphysical philosopher, which means, he didn't think of reality as something having an established, autonomous, external existence, distinct from our ideas. Nor he thought that reality is just a product of our mind. So, your hypothesis I quoted doesn't makes much sense in his thought, because you wrote "he believed there is...". Rather that believing in the metaphysical existence of thing, he approached experience in terms of dynamics where language has an essential role. This is my understanding of him and of your question.
Agent Smith March 22, 2022 at 12:10 #671113
Quoting Sapien1
human beings have evolved from primitive fish.


Anaximander! I recognize you! Don't eat fish, they're our ancestors.

Wittgenstein, though he thoughtfully warned us of bewitchment of our intelligence by language, was himself a victim of linguistic witchcraft.
180 Proof March 22, 2022 at 15:03 #671182
Reply to Agent Smith Witty's critique of 'linguistic betwitchment' consists, after all, of internal criticism (re: ordinary language) since there isn't an external or nonlinguistic means to do so.
Agent Smith March 22, 2022 at 15:13 #671187
Quoting 180 Proof
Witty's critique of 'linguistic betwitchment' consist, after all, of internal criticism (re: ordinary language) since there isn't an external or nonlinguistic means to do so.


Hermes commits seppuku: Trust the guy who warns you that he can't be trusted!
180 Proof March 22, 2022 at 15:16 #671189
Quoting Agent Smith
Hermes commits seppuku: Trust the guy who warns you that he can't be trusted!

:100: :wink:
Fooloso4 March 22, 2022 at 15:42 #671200
Wittgenstein attempts to draw the limits of thinking through its expression in language. What lies on the other side of those limits, what can be shown and experienced, but cannot be said, the ethical and aesthetic are mystical. They are not matters of fact and logic. That there is anything at all he regarded as mystical.
Agent Smith March 22, 2022 at 15:59 #671205
The OP is onto something. Despite my misgivings as to Wittgenstein's theory of language vis-à-vis philosophy at all levels, from the man on the Clapham omnibus to tenured professors, I nevertheless agree that mystical experiences seem baked into his notion of, roughly speaking, private language.

It appears that comprehension and communication both are either wholly or significantly, if only in bits and pieces, a function of language. Mystical/religious experiences are such that one can't find words to describe them in a dictionary. Words, as sometimes happens, fail us. Thus, I can only show you the door. What's beyond that is post-language, but mind you, not necessarily pre-language (the wordless infant in Daoism).

Angelo Cannata March 22, 2022 at 19:39 #671309
Quoting Sapien1
It's well known now that human beings have evolved from primitive fish


If I understood correctly your thoughts, it seems that you mean "we come from fishes and that's it", in the sense that reality is limited to what we can scientifically understand about it; if something cannot be grasped or at list imagined by science, then it doesn't exist. Wittgenstein thought the opposite, but not in a methaphysical way. Being mentally open to the existence of things outside the horizon of science does not mean being open to believe in the existence of supernatural things like spirits, angels, energies, telepathy, reincarnation and so on. Wittgenstein's mysticism does not mean this. Believing in the existence of supernatural things is again metaphysics, but Wittgenstein's mysticism is not metaphysical. The problem of metaphysical mysticism is that it frames the idea of things beyond science still in the frame of existence, things that exist objectively. It is not necessary to believe in the objective existence of supernatural things to be mystical. You can be open to the idea of things beyond science without framing these things into the mental scheme of objective existence. Actually this is the true mental openness towards mysticism, because thinking of supernatural things as framed in the concept of objective existence is actually not really beyond science. This is the real openness to something different, otherwise we are actually still in the mental frame of science, let's say pseudo-science. Wittgenstein was intelligent enough to understand that mysticism practiced as pseudo-science is not a real jump to another level: pseudo-science is in the same mental frame of science, because pseudo-science and science are both based on metaphysics, which is, framing things in the field of objective existence.
Sapien1 March 22, 2022 at 20:43 #671342
If I understood correctly your thoughts, it seems that you mean "we come from fishes and that's it", in the sense that reality is limited to what we can scientifically understand about it; if something cannot be grasped or at list imagined by science, then it doesn't exist. Wittgenstein thought the opposite, but not in a methaphysical way. Being mentally open to the existence of things outside the horizon of science does not mean being open to believe in the existence of supernatural things like spirits, angels, energies, telepathy, reincarnation and so on. Wittgenstein's mysticism does not mean this. Believing in the existence of supernatural things is again metaphysics, but Wittgenstein's mysticism is not metaphysical. The problem of metaphysical mysticism is that it frames the idea of things beyond science still in the frame of existence, things that exist objectively. It is not necessary to believe in the objective existence of supernatural things to be mystical. You can be open to the idea of things beyond science without framing these things into the mental scheme of objective existence. Actually this is the true mental openness towards mysticism, because thinking of supernatural things as framed in the concept of objective existence is actually not really beyond science. This is the real openness to something different, otherwise we are actually still in the mental frame of science, let's say pseudo-science. Wittgenstein was intelligent enough to understand that mysticism practiced as pseudo-science is not a real jump to another level: pseudo-science is in the same mental frame of science, because pseudo-science and science are both based on metaphysics, which is, framing things in the field of objective existence.

— Angelo Cannata

This and your other post. It's all fine and dandy. But it doesn't answer my question. What is wittgenstein's mysticism in the light of mysticism being impossible for an evolutionary realist or to us homo sapiens to whom everything is the "real" and non mystical? I have a knack for expending certain belief in people who are thought to be or have been geniuses.
Shwah March 22, 2022 at 20:48 #671345
Reply to Sapien1
What's an evolutionary realist? The nature of causation and definition of evolution is still undefined which is partially why it's a theory still. As far as I'm aware it's just an observation and nothing people can do hard science on at least as macro-organisms. Taxonomy is still not a science sorta as a result.

I don't see mysticism qua mysticism in any contradiction with evolution.
Sapien1 March 22, 2022 at 20:53 #671348
Reply to Shwah
I incidentally defined evolutionary realist after the word or.
Shwah March 22, 2022 at 20:55 #671349
Reply to Sapien1
I'm just seeing this.
or to us homo sapiens to whom everything is the "real" and non mystical?

Are you saying evolutionary realism is just reality which is non-mystical? Then definitionally that's what it is but there's an issue with soundness there and a conflation of evolutionary theory along with mysticism and the inaddressable, too-general word "real".
dimosthenis9 March 22, 2022 at 21:03 #671355
Quoting Sapien1
If so, what is mystical about evolution?


This

Quoting Sapien1
. It's well known now that human beings have evolved from primitive fish.


What is the essence of what we call life,which makes that procedure possible.
Sapien1 March 22, 2022 at 21:06 #671358
Reply to Shwah Actually that's just part of my definition of what an evolutionary realist is. An evolutionary realist is an independent or otherwise "thinker" who believes that the reality of evolution is the reality of existence.
Shwah March 22, 2022 at 21:12 #671364
Reply to Sapien1
I get what you're trying to say but the way you're wording it makes it seem like you're making evolution equivalent with existence. It's hard to answer your question because the ideas and words are structured in ways that come off as contradictory.
An x realist is one who asserts x is the foundation of reality or, less commonly, is a part of reality (which is pretty trivial unless you don't have a foundation for reality or that foundation contradicts the part of reality).

Anyways I don't know Wittgenstein's views on evolution but anyone can be a mystic or fan of mysticism and contemporaneously be an evolutionist or fan of evolution.
Sapien1 March 22, 2022 at 21:20 #671369
Angelo Cannata March 22, 2022 at 21:45 #671387
Quoting Sapien1
mysticism being impossible for an evolutionary realist or to us homo sapiens to whom everything is the "real" and non mystical


It seems to me that this assumption of yours is what makes you impossible to understand Wittgestein’s mysticism: why should mysticism be impossible for an evolutionary realist?
I think your answer is already in the second part you wrote:
“to us homo sapiens to whom everything is the "real" and non mystical”:
I think you should realize that by saying “everything is the real and non mystical”, you are automatically saying: “what I cannot understand does not exist, cannot exist” which is a kind of faith far from being evolutionary. If evolutionary means that reality is just what is material, like our material origin from fish, by saying that “everything is real”, your are not being connected to reality, because you are just closing yourself inside your idea of what “real” means. So, instead of connecting yourself to reality, that is external to you, you close yourself inside your idea of reality, that is internal to you.
Wittgestein didn’t close himself inside his comprehension of what reality is: he understood that, if reality is to be thought as something external to us, then we need to keep ourselves always open to something that will be always different from how we imagine it. As soon as you think that the only existing world is material reality, you are automatically closing yourself inside your mental comprehension of what reality is, closing your connection to the world external to your mind.
Saying “I don’t know” is one way to keep connection, openness, to external reality. But this kind of connection can be refined. For sure not by saying that reality is the only thing that exists in the world.
180 Proof March 23, 2022 at 03:08 #671502
Quoting Fooloso4
Wittgenstein attempts to draw the limits of thinking through its expression in language. What lies on the other side of those limits, what can be shown and experienced, but cannot be said, the ethical and aesthetic are mystical.They are not matters of fact and logic. That there is anything at all he regarded as mystical.

:fire:

End of thread.
Agent Smith March 23, 2022 at 08:57 #671602
@Fooloso4Quoting 180 Proof
Wittgenstein attempts to draw the limits of thinking through its expression in language. What lies on the other side of those limits, what can be shown and experienced, but cannot be said, the ethical and aesthetic are mystical.They are not matters of fact and logic. That there is anything at all he regarded as mystical.
— Fooloso4
:fire:

End of thread.


Blaze of glory :fire:

Bonum & Pulchrum (undefined they remain) out of sync with Verum.

Wayfarer March 23, 2022 at 08:58 #671603
Quoting Angelo Cannata
The problem of metaphysical mysticism is that it frames the idea of things beyond science still in the frame of existence, things that exist objectively. It is not necessary to believe in the objective existence of supernatural things to be mystical. You can be open to the idea of things beyond science without framing these things into the mental scheme of objective existence.


:100: :clap:
Tom Storm March 23, 2022 at 09:35 #671618
Quoting Fooloso4
the ethical and aesthetic are mystical. They are not matters of fact and logic. That there is anything at all he regarded as mystical.


I like what you wrote but can you clarify the last 'regarded as mystical'? Was there any nuance provided or explication of what mystical meant? Did it just mean 'nothing further' or was it an open question? The temptation of course is to proffer the transcendental card...
Fooloso4 March 23, 2022 at 13:10 #671720
Quoting Tom Storm
...can you clarify the last 'regarded as mystical'?


A few quotes from the Tractatus:

6.41
The sense of the world must lie outside the world. In the world everything is as it is, and everything happens as it does happen: in it no
value exists—and if it did exist, it would have no value.
If there is any value that does have value, it must lie outside the whole sphere of what happens and is the case. For all that happens
and is the case is accidental.
What makes it non-accidental cannot lie within the world, since if it did it would itself be accidental.
It must lie outside the world.

6.422
So our question about the consequences of an action must be unimportant.—At least those consequences should not be events. For there must be something right about the question we posed. There must indeed be some kind of ethical reward and ethical punishment, but they must reside in the action itself.
(And it is also clear that the reward must be something pleasant and the punishment something unpleasant.)

6.43
If the good or bad exercise of the will does alter the world, it can alter only the limits of the world, not the facts—not what can be expressed by means of language.
In short the effect must be that it becomes an altogether different world. It must, so to speak, wax and wane as a whole.
The world of the happy man is a different one from that of the unhappy man.


From his Notebooks:

Being happy means being in agreement with the world (NB 8.7.16)
Living in agreement with the world is living in accord with one’s conscience, which is the voice of God.

I am then, so to speak, in agreement with that alien will on which I appear dependent. That is to say: “I am doing the will of God” (NB 8.7.16)

More from the Notebooks on God:

God is how all things stand, how it is all related (NB 1.8.16)

To believe in a God means to see that the facts of the world are not the end of the matter. To believe in God means to see that life has a meaning (NB 8.7.16)

There are two godheads: the world and my independent “I”. (NB 8.7.16)

Being happy means being in agreement with the world (NB 8.7.16)
Living in agreement with the world is living in accord with one’s conscience, which is the voice of God.

I am then, so to speak, in agreement with that alien will on which I appear dependent. That is to say: “I am doing the will of God” (NB 8.7.16)


From his Lecture on Ethics. In no particular order:

I believe the best way of describing it is to say that when I have it I wonder at the existence of the
world. And I am then inclined to use such phrases as 'how extraordinary that anything should exist'
or ‘how extraordinary that the world should exist.'

I will mention another experience straight away which I also know and which others of you might
be acquainted with: it is, what one might call, the experience of feeling absolutely safe. I mean the
state of mind in which one is inclined to say 'I am safe, nothing can injure me whatever happens.'

This running against the walls of our cage is perfectly, absolutely hopeless. Ethics so far as it
springs from the desire to say something about the ultimate meaning of life, the absolute good, the
absolute valuable, can be no science. What it says does not add to our knowledge in any sense. But
it is a document of a tendency in the human mind which I personally cannot help respecting deeply
and I would not for my life ridicule it.


Now instead of saying “Ethics is the enquiry into what is good” I could have said Ethics is the enquiry into what is valuable, or, into what is really important, or I could have said Ethics is the enquiry
into the meaning of life, or into what makes life worth living, or into the right way of living. I believe if you look at all these phrases you will get a rough idea as to what it is Ethics is concerned with.


Now when this is urged against me I at once see clearly, as it were in a flash of light, not only that no description that I can think of would do to describe what I mean by absolute value, but that I would reject every significant description that anybody could possibly suggest, ab initio, on the ground of its significance. That is to say: I see now that these nonsensical expressions were not nonsensical because I had not yet found the correct expressions, but that their nonsensicality was their very essence. For all I wanted to do with them was just to go beyond the world and that is to say beyond significant language.

theRiddler March 23, 2022 at 13:22 #671725
Mysticism is just the knowledge that none of you know what you're talking about.
EugeneW March 23, 2022 at 13:37 #671729
Quoting Sapien1
If so, what is mystical about evolution?


Let me try to answer. I'm not sure what Wittgenstein's take is though. Mysticism is related to not knowing. Evolution is the gradual appearing of a wide spectrum of species. Here and probably the entire universe. Evolution cant be denied. It's demystified by Dawkins and the like. The central dogma of biology underpins the view of selfish genes and memes programming all creatures in order for them to replicate. Now what a view! Sounds like evil religion to me. "The commandments of the central dogma command the genes and memes to replicate by guile and stealth, by programming bodies to achieve this goal". Damned! From this so-called scientific POV on evolution (pseudo-scientific!), all diverging views are just memes with no basis in reality. The new cruscade led by pope Dawkins. I'm sure Wittgenstein didn't like this idea. But what then is the mystique? Consciousness? The miracle of language? Dunno, but the ultimate question that can't be answered is why the heavenly gods, from the virus-gids to the blue whale-gods, got bored with playing the game of love and hate. They created an eternal infinite universe similar to heaven to eternally watch us. They hadn't taken into account the faulty play of the homonid-gods...
Tom Storm March 23, 2022 at 18:44 #671898
Reply to Fooloso4 Thanks. I'm afraid I find Wittgenstein almost incomprehensible.

Quoting Fooloso4
I am then, so to speak, in agreement with that alien will on which I appear dependent. That is to say: “I am doing the will of God” (NB 8.7.16)


A theist at the point he was writing this, then?

Quoting Fooloso4
The world of the happy man is a different one from that of the unhappy man.


That's for sure.
Fooloso4 March 23, 2022 at 23:01 #672082
Quoting Tom Storm
A theist at the point he was writing this, then?


Maybe, but not in the traditional sense. His notebooks were what he described as "thinking with a pen". Rather than a supreme Being most of this thoughts on God are centered around his relationship to the world.
Tom Storm March 23, 2022 at 23:02 #672085
Reply to Fooloso4 I can see it and my favorite theists take a similar approach.
Wayfarer March 24, 2022 at 00:12 #672120
An essay published by Philosophy Now on Wittgenstein and positivism: Wittgenstein,Tolstoy and the Folly of Logical Positivism, Stuart Greenstreet.

The declared aim of the Vienna Circle was to make philosophy either subservient to or somehow akin to the natural sciences. As Ray Monk says in his superb biography Ludwig Wittgenstein: The Duty of Genius (1990), “the anti-metaphysical stance that united them [was] the basis for a kind of manifesto which was published under the title The Scientific View of the World: The Vienna Circle.” Yet as Wittgenstein himself protested again and again in the Tractatus, the propositions of natural science “have nothing to do with philosophy” (6.53); “Philosophy is not one of the natural sciences” (4.111); “It is not problems of natural science which have to be solved” (6.4312); “even if all possible scientific questions be answered, the problems of life have still not been touched at all” (6.52); “There is indeed the inexpressible. This shows itself; it is the mystical” (6.522). None of these sayings could possibly be interpreted as the views of a man who had renounced metaphysics. The Logical Positivists of the Vienna Circle had got Wittgenstein wrong, and in so doing had discredited themselves.


An article by Ray Monk, Wittgenstein's Forgotten Lesson:

His work is opposed, as he once put it, to “the spirit which informs the vast stream of European and American civilisation in which all of us stand.” Nearly 50 years after his death, we can see, more clearly than ever, that the feeling that he was swimming against the tide was justified. If we wanted a label to describe this tide, we might call it “scientism,” the view that every intelligible question has either a scientific solution or no solution at all. It is against this view that Wittgenstein set his face.


All that said, I don't think Wittgenstein would have ever used the term 'mysticism' in respect of his work even if it may be implied by it. But there is a strong tendency of a lot of people to use that phrase which ends the Tractatus, 'that of which we cannot speak...' in exactly the way the Vienna Circle (mis)intepreted it, as a prohibition against anything of the kind. His was an apophatic silence.


Tom Storm March 24, 2022 at 00:36 #672124
Reply to Wayfarer Thanks - interesting piece. How do you read W when he writes this:

I am then, so to speak, in agreement with that alien will on which I appear dependent. That is to say: “I am doing the will of God” (NB 8.7.16)


It seems oddly emphatic, but then maybe it is metaphor??
Wayfarer March 24, 2022 at 00:48 #672129
Reply to Tom Storm I think Wittgenstein has a kind-of-religious side, but that it is more implied than stated. That statement I called out from @Angelo Cannata explains it well: 'It is not necessary to believe in the objective existence of supernatural things to be mystical. You can be open to the idea of things beyond science without framing these things into the mental scheme of objective existence.'

Compare that with a passage from the contemporary Zen teacher, Nishijima Roshi (d. 2012)

The Universe is, according to philosophers who base their beliefs on idealism, a place of the spirit. Other philosophers whose beliefs are based on a materialistic view, say that the Universe is composed of the matter we see in front of our eyes.

Buddhist philosophy takes a view which is neither idealistic nor materialistic; Buddhists do not believe that the Universe is composed of only matter. They believe that there is something else other than matter. But there is a difficulty here; if we use a concept like 'spirit' to describe that 'something else other than matter', people are prone to interpret Buddhism as some form of spiritualistic religion and think that Buddhists must therefore believe in the actual existence of spirit. So it becomes very important to understand the Buddhist view of the concept 'spirit'. I am careful to refer to spirit as a concept here because in fact Buddhism does not believe in the actual existence of spirit.

So what is this something else other than matter which exists in this Universe? If we think that there is a something which actually exists other than matter, our understanding will not be correct; nothing physical exists outside of matter....Some people explain the Universe as a universe based on matter. But there also exists something which we call value or meaning. A Universe consisting only of matter leaves no room for value or meaning in civilizations and cultures. Matter alone has no value [sup]1[/sup]. We can say that the Universe is constructed with matter, but we must also say that matter works for some purpose. So in our understanding of the Universe we should recognize the existence of something other than matter. We can call that something spirit, but if we do we should remember that in Buddhism, the word 'spirit' is a figurative expression for value or meaning. We do not say that spirit exists in reality; we use the concept only figuratively.


(This is why Wittgenstein is sometimes compared with Zen philosophy.)

The way I parse it, is that 'existence' is what 'the transcendent' is transcendent in respect of. So all of the questions about whether [God/transcendent/beyond] 'exist' are empty. But what is beyond existence is not non-existent.

-----------------------

1. 'The sense of the world must lie outside the world. In the world everything is as it is, and everything happens as it does happen: in it no value exists—and if it did exist, it would have no value.'



Tom Storm March 24, 2022 at 02:15 #672153
Quoting Wayfarer
The way I parse it, is that 'existence' is what 'the transcendent' is transcendent in respect of. So all of the questions about whether [God/transcendent/beyond] 'exist' are empty. But what is beyond existence is not non-existent.


Fuck... if I only smoked hooch, that would be a great three sentence combination to ponder stoned.

Quoting Wayfarer
It is not necessary to believe in the objective existence of supernatural things to be mystical.


Yes, I've often felt the need to say almost the same thing many times over the years.

Wayfarer March 24, 2022 at 03:03 #672159
[quote=The Buddha, Kacc?yanagotta Sutta; https://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/sn/sn12/sn12.015.than.html]By and large, Kaccayana, this world is supported by a polarity, that of existence and non-existence. But when one sees the origination of the world as it actually is with right discernment, "non-existence" with reference to the world does not occur to one. When one sees the cessation of the world as it actually is with right discernment, "existence" with reference to the world does not occur to one.[/quote]
Sapien1 March 24, 2022 at 18:18 #672687
Reply to Wayfarer is Buddhism "real" as conceived by Buddhists in the light of evolution also being "real" or true?
Agent Smith March 24, 2022 at 19:35 #672746
Wittgenstein's mysticism? Hopefully not an undiagnosed brain tumor! :grin:
Agent Smith March 24, 2022 at 19:41 #672753
Quoting Sapien1
is Buddhism "real"


Lemme take a stab at it.

Anatta! Buddhism negates itself - it has no essence that we could grasp, that would persist and in that sense jibes with Wittgenstein's philosophy. Buddhism has no purpose beyond its utility as a tool to understand that plain and simple fact. Just like how language performs seppuku (in Wittgenstein's hands), Buddhism self-destructs! Anicca!
Wayfarer March 24, 2022 at 20:59 #672799
Reply to Sapien1 [quote= Dalai Lama XIV, The Universe in a Single Atom: The Convergence of Science and Spirituality] If scientific analysis were conclusively to demonstrate certain claims in Buddhism to be false, then we must accept the findings of science and abandon those claims..[/quote]
Sapien1 March 25, 2022 at 15:27 #673379
deleted
Sapien1 March 25, 2022 at 15:34 #673384
Reply to Shwah You might find this article helpful.