You are viewing the historical archive of The Philosophy Forum.
For current discussions, visit the live forum.
Go to live forum

Ex nihilo nihil fit

Pantagruel January 08, 2021 at 18:23 9850 views 52 comments
Nothing comes from nothing.
Nothing becomes nothing.
Consciousness is not nothing (cogito ergo sum).
Ergo...

Comments (52)

Pop January 09, 2021 at 04:23 #486270
:up: It seems to me that nothing is an incoherent concept. At the very least "nothing" contains information about itself as nothingness, so its not nothing. Of course such a situation can not exist as information is always attached to something.

I guess what you are getting at is that consciousness cannot be immaterial , and normally I would agree. BUT quantum entanglement, tunneling, superposition, and uncertainty are not really what we normally understand to be material, and patterns of these are likely to play a role in consciousness. Perhaps they require their own category to enable us to articulate this situation a little better.
Outlander January 09, 2021 at 04:42 #486272
Nothing, as it is generally used, often has a context in which it can be contrasted to and therefore defined. Ex: I spent all my life's savings on cheap beer and and even cheaper women, and now I have nothing! Or, I got drunk and forgot to renew my insurance policy and also left the oven on, my house was destroyed and I now have nothing! Etc.

Nothing could exist in theory. Perhaps in a vacuum devoid of all gases. Though, if you insist darkness being the absent of light is in fact something, perhaps nothing is unobtainable. How encouraging. :)
Helder Afonso January 09, 2021 at 08:06 #486294
Nothing is a very clear concept. Is the lack of something. What you describe is not nothing. If it has information, it has something, so it is something and, therefore, is not nothing. Nothing is not real and/or material, it is a mathematical concept. Also commonly mistaken for what it is not knowned.
Pantagruel January 09, 2021 at 10:57 #486319
Quoting Pop
I guess what you are getting at is that consciousness cannot be immaterial , and normally I would agree. BUT quantum entanglement, tunneling, superposition, and uncertainty are not really what we normally understand to be material, and patterns of these are likely to play a role in consciousness. Perhaps they require their own category to enable us to articulate this situation a little better.


I think our concept of materiality, or more specifically, the presumed dichotomy between mind and matter, is archaic, given everything we have discovered about the nature of reality. The post is a kind of syllogism. with the conclusion left open to emphasize the way that thought "Fills in the gaps" in our symbolic presentations; thought is more than just information. Everyone brings a different interpretive context to any statement they read. For me, the conjunction of ex nihilo nihil fit and cogito ergo sum is compelling.
counterpunch January 09, 2021 at 18:04 #486399
I have problems with cogito ergo sum; both the means by which Descartes arrives at this conclusion, and its implications. Firstly, its radical skepticism that suffers from Occam's Razor. To doubt that the external world, and even his physical body exist, because perhaps, a demon may be deceiving him is unreasonable, not least because - it implies a much more complex explanation than the apparent reality; and as Occam asserts, "the simplest adequate explanation is the best."

Having posited unreasonable premises, Descartes cannot proceed toward a reasonable conclusion. Clearly, Descartes does have a physical body, and the external world does exist, so cogito ergo sum does not follow; or, it invokes the unreasonable conditions of its birth in every moment.

This leads to my second problem; that cogito ergo sum is invoked free of this unreasonable context in support of subjectivist philosophies - as if, in reality, the only thing of which we can be certain is our subjective experience. It seems to me, had Descartes thrust his hand into the fire - rather than a ball of wax, he would have become suddenly and painfully aware of the existence of his physical body and an objective reality; an awareness that would be prior to "cogito" in its undeniable urgency.
Kenosha Kid January 09, 2021 at 20:44 #486470
Quoting Helder Afonso
Nothing is a very clear concept. Is the lack of something.


A lack of anything. Everything lacks something. My dog lacks a tail.
Pantagruel January 09, 2021 at 21:26 #486477
Quoting counterpunch
To doubt that the external world, and even his physical body exist, because perhaps, a demon may be deceiving him is unreasonable, not least because - it implies a much more complex explanation than the apparent reality;


And yet, today, as computer technology describes, the "brain-in-a-vat" hypothesis (which is what Descartes' deceptive demon amounts to) is more plausible than ever. I think it was just an excellent metaphor symbolizing the type of doubt Descartes wanted to describe.

So I don't think it was an unreasonable premise. I think it was an accurate depiction of a subjective experience, translated into publicity.
jgill January 09, 2021 at 23:06 #486534
Quoting Kenosha Kid
Nothing is a very clear concept. Is the lack of something. — Helder Afonso


A lack of anything. Everything lacks something. My dog lacks a tail.


Well, you would have to nit-pick! :cool:
Kenosha Kid January 09, 2021 at 23:14 #486544
Quoting jgill
Well, you would have to nit-pick! :cool:


To be exact, I don't *have* to, I just *want* to.

User image

:rofl:
jgill January 09, 2021 at 23:49 #486559
Reply to Kenosha Kid Is that you in the physics lab explaining quantum entanglement?

You have my attention.
Pop January 10, 2021 at 00:16 #486563
Quoting Pantagruel
I think our concept of materiality, or more specifically, the presumed dichotomy between mind and matter, is archaic, given everything we have discovered about the nature of reality


I agree totally.

Quoting Pantagruel
Everyone brings a different interpretive context to any statement they read. For me, the conjunction of ex nihilo nihil fit and cogito ergo sum is compelling.


I agree again regarding the interpretation, but please elaborate a little regarding your conclusions..

For me, the conjunction of a universe biased to self organize, and Capra's unit of cognition contain the emotion and cognition elements necessary for a model of consciousness, long before life arose.
Pantagruel January 10, 2021 at 11:11 #486700
Quoting Pop
I agree again regarding the interpretation, but please elaborate a little regarding your conclusions.

For me, the conjunction of a universe biased to self organize, and Capra's unit of cognition contain the emotion and cognition elements necessary for a model of consciousness, long before life arose

Strictly from the primitive ontological statements I infer/intuit the continuity of consciousness with some kind of historical consciousness that preceded this "phase" and some kind of future consciousness that will follow. Without being too explicit about the nature of that more "expansive" consciousness. Perhaps it won't be "me", but it will be "composed" of me in some sense, I suppose.
Pop January 10, 2021 at 20:16 #486867
Quoting Pantagruel
Perhaps it won't be "me", but it will be "composed" of me in some sense, I suppose.


A lineage of consciousness / life? Who can deny it? It has long been the view in Yogic logic, and in biology we are a vehicle for DNA. It dose take some guts though, to step out of the comfort zone of the prevailing dogma and state one's best understanding - I can relate to that.
EnPassant January 16, 2021 at 11:16 #489367
Reply to Pantagruel Perhaps everything that can be, is. Because there is nothing to stop it. Therefore both nothingness and existence are possible and existence wins out because it is the only other option and there is nothing to stop it from being.
Isaac January 16, 2021 at 11:29 #489368
Quoting Pantagruel
Nothing comes from nothing.


Yet...

Quoting Pantagruel
Consciousness is not nothing


So consciousness must be in the class of things that you took account of to deduce that "Nothing comes from nothing".

If not, then how have you reached your premise despite knowingly excluding some 'things' from your gathering of evidence?

If so, then you already knew the answer beforehand, why the charade of investigation?
Pantagruel January 16, 2021 at 11:49 #489369
Quoting Isaac
If not, then how have you reached your premise despite knowingly excluding some 'things' from your gathering of evidence?


What did I exclude?

Isaac January 16, 2021 at 12:23 #489376
Quoting Pantagruel
What did I exclude?


Consciousness.

You either knew all along that it didn't come from nothing, or your premise "nothing comes from nothing" is speculative because there exists a known thing whose origin is unknown.

As an example. I can't say "all swans are black" and use it to conclude that some new swan I've never seen before must be black. Simply by virtue of there being a new swan I've never seen before, I've rendered my "all swans..." premise over confident at best.

You cannot say that for all things they do not come from nothing and use it to conclude that some thing whose origin is unknown must therefore not come from nothing. At best you must conclude there exist things whose origin you don't know and as such any conclusion about the origin of "all things..." cannot be properly established.
Pantagruel January 16, 2021 at 13:35 #489395
Quoting Isaac
What did I exclude?
— Pantagruel

Consciousness.

You either knew all along that it didn't come from nothing, or your premise "nothing comes from nothing" is speculative because there exists a known thing whose origin is unknown.


Actually the final premise was cogito ergo sum. So far from excluding consciousness, it was (is) integral to the argument.
Isaac January 16, 2021 at 13:46 #489399
Quoting Pantagruel
Actually the final premise was cogito ergo sum. So far from excluding consciousness, it was (is) integral to the argument.


I was referring to your first premise, as I had hoped was made clear by me quoting your first premise.
Pantagruel January 16, 2021 at 14:22 #489415
Quoting Isaac
I was referring to your first premise, as I had hoped was made clear by me quoting your first premise.


Well, a premise contains what it contains, so saying that ex nihilo nihil fit doesn't refer to consciousness is like say quid pro quo doesn't tell you what is being exchanged.

Ex nihilo nihil fit is intuitively, logically, and scientifically satisfying.
Isaac January 16, 2021 at 17:33 #489455
Quoting Pantagruel
Well, a premise contains what it contains, so saying that ex nihilo nihil fit doesn't refer to consciousness is like say quid pro quo doesn't tell you what is being exchanged.


That doesn't make any sense. Quid pro quo isn't about what's being exchanged, so we woudn't expect it to tell us. Ex nihilo nihil fit is about {all the things}, so we'd expect it to tell us about one of the things. Consciousness of one of the things in {all the things}, so any conclusion drawn from {all the things} must include consciousness.

Quoting Pantagruel
Ex nihilo nihil fit is intuitively, logically, and scientifically satisfying.


Firstly, if something's being intuitively satisfying is a measure of it's adpotion, then why not just introspect about the question at hand and see what conclusion is intuitively satisfying? Why the song and dance going through all these post hoc rationalisations?

Secondly, how can Ex nihilo nihil fit possibly be scientifically satisfying? We've just established that there are things the origin of which you don't know, so what is satisfying about a theory the postulates nothing comes from nothing?
counterpunch January 16, 2021 at 17:38 #489457
Reply to Isaac https://bigthink.com/dr-kakus-universe/dark-energy-the-energy-of-nothing
Pantagruel January 16, 2021 at 18:43 #489492
Quoting Isaac
Quid pro quo isn't about what's being exchanged, so we woudn't expect it to tell us. Ex nihilo nihil fit is about {all the things}, so we'd expect it to tell us about one of the things.


They are both generalizations. This, that. Something, nothing. Your categorization seems spurious to me Isaac.
EnPassant January 16, 2021 at 19:17 #489501
Quoting Isaac
Secondly, how can Ex nihilo nihil fit possibly be scientifically satisfying? We've just established that there are things the origin of which you don't know, so what is satisfying about a theory the postulates nothing comes from nothing?


If something comes from nothing you have to begin with nothing. And for nothing to become something there must be an impulse within nothing. But nothing with potency or an internal catalyst or impulse, is not nothing because there is already something in it.
TheMadFool January 16, 2021 at 19:53 #489507
Quoting Pantagruel
Nothing comes from nothing.
Nothing becomes nothing.
Consciousness is not nothing (cogito ergo sum).
Ergo...


Ergo...consciousness enjoys eternal existence but the catch is only in a backward sense and not forward in time. Things can go out of existence. something can become nothing even though nothing can't become something.

My two cents worth.
DoppyTheElv January 16, 2021 at 20:23 #489514
Reply to TheMadFool
But can nothing even be? Consciousness can become something less complex perhaps.
But becoming nothing seems to ring my intuition alarm.
TheMadFool January 16, 2021 at 20:46 #489526
Quoting DoppyTheElv
But can nothing even be? Consciousness can become something less complex perhaps.
But becoming nothing seems to ring my intuition alarm.


My grandmother passed away 12 years ago.
Isaac January 17, 2021 at 07:17 #489688
Quoting Pantagruel
They are both generalizations. This, that. Something, nothing.


So you're saying that the properties of a generalised set can be used to infer the properties of any member of that set simply by virtue of its membership? Seems rather a weak argument to me. If I were to say "this elephant has a trunk because elephants generally have trunks" I think you'd be hesitant to agree.

So why is it any different when you say "this thing (consciousness) came from something because things generally come from something"?

Quoting EnPassant
for nothing to become something there must be an impulse within nothing.


You know this how?
Pantagruel January 17, 2021 at 10:17 #489713
Quoting Isaac
So you're saying that the properties of a generalised set can be used to infer the properties of any member of that set simply by virtue of its membership?


No, I never made that claim anywhere. I said that ex nihilo nihil fit doesn't explicitly refer to consciousness, nor should it, that isn't it's role in the syllogism. I'm not going to repeat myself a fourth time. If you don't like the structure of the argument that's fine. Nevertheless, that is my argument, and it is the basic form of a syllogism, general premise, specific premise.
EnPassant January 17, 2021 at 10:44 #489717
Quoting Isaac
You know this how?

Anything else is illogical. Nothingness cannot have anything in it. Nothingness is not even an 'it'. If there is something happening in nothingness, there is something, not nothingness. Nothingness cannot have potency because potency is something.

god must be atheist January 17, 2021 at 12:49 #489741
Quoting Kenosha Kid
Nothing is a very clear concept. Is the lack of something.
— Helder Afonso

A lack of anything. Everything lacks something. My dog lacks a tail.


Sometimes it's the lack of lacking something.
Pantagruel January 17, 2021 at 12:54 #489743
Quoting Kenosha Kid
Everything lacks something.


Only from a normative perspective.
Kenosha Kid January 17, 2021 at 13:07 #489747
Quoting god must be atheist
Sometimes it's the lack of lacking something.


I miss the lack of lacking something :(
god must be atheist January 17, 2021 at 14:29 #489780
I've forgotten the feeling of missing the lack of lacking something.
Garth January 18, 2021 at 05:00 #490042
1. That which does not exist is nothing
2. The past does not exist
3. All causes occur in the past when measured in time local to their present effect
4. Therefore all causes are nothing
5. Therefore everything comes from nothing.

Ex nihilo omnia fit
Possibility January 18, 2021 at 05:15 #490043
Quoting EnPassant
Anything else is illogical. Nothingness cannot have anything in it. Nothingness is not even an 'it'. If there is something happening in nothingness, there is something, not nothingness. Nothingness cannot have potency because potency is something.


How do you know that the potency of nothing is something?
Pop January 18, 2021 at 07:36 #490059
" Nothing" stays the same. It is unchanging and dose not evolve.
But the universe and all of its components are constantly changing and evolving. :chin:

Pantagruel January 19, 2021 at 12:29 #490547
Quoting Garth
2. The past does not exist


This is not true. The past is a previous state of the present. When a physical object moves through space, its current position and trajectory can be plotted as a vector, which includes its motion through time. It is only our limited perspective which restricts us to perceiving current states of affairs in a temporally restricted fashion. Think of the intellect as an organ for perceiving "temporal depth."
Garth January 20, 2021 at 05:33 #490796
Reply to Pantagruel The point is debatable but you must admit my argument is a lot stronger than OPs.
Pantagruel January 20, 2021 at 10:25 #490846
Quoting Garth
?Pantagruel The point is debatable but you must admit my argument is a lot stronger than OPs.


If I thought that I wouldn't have made the comment.
Garth January 20, 2021 at 22:31 #490990
Reply to Pantagruel So you think the strength of an argument follows from whether you agree with it?
god must be atheist January 20, 2021 at 22:51 #490996
Reply to Garth Quoting Garth
1. That which does not exist is nothing
2. The past does not exist
3. All causes occur in the past when measured in time local to their present effect
4. Therefore all causes are nothing
5. Therefore everything comes from nothing.


There is a problem with your use of the verb tenses that suggest too much logic. You look at the present giving too much strength to statics, and too little to historical dynamics. Let me explain.

The past does not exist. NOW. But it did exist.

So the causes that effect things in the present DID exist at one point or another in time. NOW they don't exist, but the effects of their CAUSING do exist now.

Therefore not all causes are nothing.

And the conclusion is wrong, since the assumptions are invalid.
Pantagruel January 20, 2021 at 23:08 #491001
Reply to Garth I think I refuted your second premise and your defense was "the point is debatable".
Pop January 20, 2021 at 23:30 #491011
Quoting Garth
2. The past does not exist


The past exists as a memory in our imagination.
Pantagruel January 21, 2021 at 00:06 #491022
Reply to Garth
Naturally, the past is not contemporaneous with the present. The past did exist, when it was the present. And it didn't "stop existing," it became the present. As GMBA rightly points out. It was almost a nice bit of sophistry though.

Garth January 21, 2021 at 04:07 #491091
Quoting Pantagruel
Nothing comes from nothing.
Nothing becomes nothing.
Consciousness is not nothing (cogito ergo sum).
Ergo...


You didn't even make an argument here. You're just assuming your conclusion, which is literally ...
That's why my argument is better than yours.

Quoting Pantagruel
It was almost a nice bit of sophistry though.


My point was to concoct something less sophistical than what you posted. And I think I succeeded. Honestly your OP transcends sophistry to the depths of the shitpost.

Quoting Pop
The past exists as a memory in our imagination.

Then God exists. Because he exists in the imagination of anyone who believes in God and this has the property of existing.

Quoting god must be atheist
The past does not exist. NOW. But it did exist.
...
So the causes that effect things in the present DID exist at one point or another in time. NOW they don't exist, but the effects of their CAUSING do exist now.


So the past is nothing, and all effects are caused by nothing. Or alternatively, we remember the past because the past is part of the present, and what is contained in the past is only our memory of events which don't exist anymore.

Quoting god must be atheist
And the conclusion is wrong, since the assumptions are invalid.


Not correct, the conclusion simply doesn't follow if the assumptions are invalid. The conclusion can still be true.

or to put it in your patronizing style...

A wrong argument doesn't PROVE it's conclusion. Thus the conclusion can EITHER be TRUE or FALSE.

Pantagruel January 21, 2021 at 14:17 #491233
Quoting Garth
My point was to concoct something less sophistical than what you posted. And I think I succeeded. Honestly your OP transcends sophistry to the depths of the shitpost.


That's not very polite. I utilized two of the most venerable philosophical dictums as the major and minor premises of a syllogism. So, the content was not shit, neither was the structure. It was concise and unambiguous. If you lack the philosophical depth to intuit the connection maybe you should just read more, and post less until you have.
god must be atheist January 22, 2021 at 04:59 #491439
Quoting Garth
The past does not exist. NOW. But it did exist.
...
So the causes that effect things in the present DID exist at one point or another in time. NOW they don't exist, but the effects of their CAUSING do exist now.
— god must be atheist

So the past is nothing, and all effects are caused by nothing. Or alternatively, we remember the past because the past is part of the present, and what is contained in the past is only our memory of events which don't exist anymore.


You just keep repeating yourself, as if you couldn't get out of the groove you feel comfortable in. There is no progression here; I refute you, you repeat what i had just refuted.

The hard problem of philosophy. How to gift someone with the ability to become flexible and accept things that are not conducive with their theories, even if it were conducive to accept them in determining the truth.

I have to think of my health. I have to think of my blood pressure. I can't lose my temper, because my doctors told me that would be the last time I ever wrote anything philosophical.
Garth January 23, 2021 at 21:11 #491981
Quoting god must be atheist
You just keep repeating yourself


You are the one who is just repeating yourself.

Quoting Pantagruel
That's not very polite. I utilized two of the most venerable philosophical dictums as the major and minor premises of a syllogism.


You have not been polite to me.
god must be atheist January 24, 2021 at 01:44 #492096
Quoting Garth
You are the one who is just repeating yourself.


Yes. I keep repeating that you are repeating yourself saying that I'm repeating myself.
Garth January 24, 2021 at 06:49 #492168
Reply to Pantagruel
Your post lends itself to two interpretations. The first, "naive" interpretation:
lets start by converting your premises:

"Consciousness is not nothing" --> "Consciousness is something"
"Nothing comes from nothing" --> already an affirmative premise
"Nothing becomes nothing" --> already an affirmative premise

Conclusion does not follow because even though nothing comes from and becomes nothing, consciousness is something and so there is no shared middle term with either pair of premises.

The second, "sophisticated" interpretation:

"Consciousness is not nothing" --> "Consciousness is something"
"Nothing comes from nothing" --> "something comes from something"
"Nothing becomes nothing" --> "something becomes something"

Conclusion does not follow because "something" is an equivocal term.

The third, "intended" interpretation:

"Consciousness is not nothing" --> "Consciousness is something"
"Nothing comes from nothing" --> "everything comes from something"
"Nothing becomes nothing" --> "everything becomes something"

Conclusion follows. Consciousness comes from and becomes something. However, we must equivocate as to the meaning of nothing. The first nothing has a grammatical function -- it means "It is never the case that something" while the second nothing means simply what does not exist.

But as Isaac points out, the second and third premises, in order to be true, must already assume consciousness as coming from and becoming something.

I will assume that the Parmenidean dictum you quoted is not interpreted in the Aristotelian sense. I don't see how that ancient doctrine is compatible with quantum events or the Big Bang.

So the real question is not with regard to consciousness but about universal causality on the practical scale of human events. Some very early attacks on causality come from Pyrronian Skepticism. I've tried to adapt one to the discussion here.

The argument I had in mind is this one:

Sextus Empiricus:Furthermore, a cause produces an effect either at a time when it already exists and exists as a cause, or when it is not a cause. Now it certainly does not do so when it is not a cause; but if it does so when it is a cause, it must have existed and have become a cause beforehand, and then, this done, it must bring about the effect, which is said to be produced by it at a time when it is already a cause. But since the cause is relative, that is, relative to the effect, clearly it cannot, as a cause, exist before the effect; therefore it is not possible for the cause, at the time when it is the cause, to produce that of which it is the cause. And if it cannot produce anything either when it is a cause or when it is not, then it cannot produce anything. Wherefore, it will not be a cause, for apart from producing something a cause cannot be conceived as a cause.


This argument is 99% sophistical. But there is a 1% that matters.

Quoting god must be atheist
So the causes that effect things in the present DID exist at one point or another in time. NOW they don't exist, but the effects of their CAUSING do exist now.


Quoting Pantagruel
The past is a previous state of the present.


Both of you seem to be saying that the past does not presently exist, but that it is also not nothing. But supposing I have a box that once contained a stack of papers but is now empty. If I say "there's nothing in the box" you would need to correct me: The history of everything that was ever in that box is still in the box.

Alternatively, the space in that box, the place where those papers were stored, must have existed in some way before the box was manufactured, and after I send the box off to be recycled, and it is broken down into pulp, that space persists in some form.

counterpunch January 24, 2021 at 07:30 #492169
Ex nihilo nihil fit - is logical, but logic is a consequence of the reality that springs into being from the big bang, establishing the existence of time, space, energy, matter, and the logic of that reality, we are fundamentally unable to see beyond.

For example - the double slit experiment shows that photons pass through two slits at the same time. EPR shows quantum particles communicating information, faster than light, over vast distances - without any apparent transfer between them. Quantum tunnelling shows particles passing through solid matter.

Clearly, our logic is local to the slice of reality we inhabit; and consequently, ex nihilo nihil fit - explains precisely nothing about the origin of the universe.

It is the wrong question anyway; a conceit - to project oneself to the ends of the universe, and look back at us, and tell us what is and isn't true. Truth begins at the fingertips - and is built bottom up, by testing hypotheses in relation to the evidence of the senses.