A World Without Work- A Post-Work Society
So I read a really good article from the Atlantic that I hope others will read to provoke some interesting conversation. You can read it here: http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2015/07/world-without-work/395294/
This idea of a "post-work society" ties in nicely with my previous post about boredom. Essentially, a post-work society is about managing our time and boredom. It is about choosing goals and activities that are interesting to them.
So what would a post-work society be like? Would it be one where we actively pursue our hobbies at community centers? Is it one where we are isolated, listless, and depressed due to lack of social interaction? Is it one where people end up trading informal activities that may be useful but cannot be done by computers? If you read the article, which of the three outcomes seem most plausible? Are there outcomes that the author is overlooking?
How about the idea of the "paradox of work" where people are generally annoyed by being at work and wish they did not have to actually be at a certain place at a certain time, but at the same time, are not happy listlessly luxuriating at their home, doing passive activities alone for extended periods of time. In other words, work provides avenues of concentrating one's attention and socializing, things humans crave due to our social nature and big brains that need to be occupied.
This idea of a "post-work society" ties in nicely with my previous post about boredom. Essentially, a post-work society is about managing our time and boredom. It is about choosing goals and activities that are interesting to them.
So what would a post-work society be like? Would it be one where we actively pursue our hobbies at community centers? Is it one where we are isolated, listless, and depressed due to lack of social interaction? Is it one where people end up trading informal activities that may be useful but cannot be done by computers? If you read the article, which of the three outcomes seem most plausible? Are there outcomes that the author is overlooking?
How about the idea of the "paradox of work" where people are generally annoyed by being at work and wish they did not have to actually be at a certain place at a certain time, but at the same time, are not happy listlessly luxuriating at their home, doing passive activities alone for extended periods of time. In other words, work provides avenues of concentrating one's attention and socializing, things humans crave due to our social nature and big brains that need to be occupied.
Comments (41)
I agree.
Quoting schopenhauer1
Probably like this:
Quoting schopenhauer1
>:O
What is it saying about the human condition if we must choose between two non-ideal states? To be "managed", told what to do, stressed out, and/or bored with repetition at a job setting, or be bored with a long stretch of leisure time?
Another comment I have is that, you seem to be assuming that everyone else is working and you are not, like unemployment. But what if EVERYONE did not need to go to work. That means more people to form social interactions with for all sorts of reasons.
Well that's not necessarily the case. You could be self-employed and working in something you like or care about for example. I think work is a necessity of life, and therefore I cannot even begin to imagine a world without work. Such a world would be hell for me.
If you are self-employed and love what you do, could you do it without being paid for it? By work here, I mean getting a wage for labor. If that was taken care of, you can potentially do whatever you like doing and give it away or even sell it, if money still worked that way. But it would not be done out of necessity, simply out of the enjoyment of doing it.
Getting paid is part of what I like about working so no, I would definitely not do it without being paid (well depends who is asking for it without payment in practice). You do something meaningful and valuable for others, and they use a scarce resource that they care about, money, in order to show their appreciation. I have found that customers that I do small and cheap work for never appreciate it and never make much use of it themselves. However, customers that I can charge more end up actually appreciating the work, and coming back for more. So it's not that I need the money. I would charge even if I was a billionaire and doing this for pleasure, because charging is part of what makes it work. I have more money than I require for my needs (which are not many at all) so I never truly did it just for the money. My earnings are greater than my costs by quite a bit, and I don't spend on what other folks would like luxuries, and other non-essentials.
As I said, I can't imagine a world without work - without doing something valuable in exchange for other things from others.
So do you take it that organised society, both today and 2000 years ago is "bad", and we should be living and working in communes?
No, not communes per se, but that what is coming is more like Star Trek where if you want something you just walk up to the nearest replicator and ask for it. What even communes lack is the systems logic to organize more effectively and that is about to invade every commercial electronic device on the market. For example, you can already buy a cellphone that doubles as a lie detector and, soon enough, they'll have the intelligence and social capacity of a God. The computer on Star Trek had no real mind, but think more of Mr Data with true compassion and wisdom or Yoda from Star Wars. It can become whatever you need it to be in order to grow as a human being.
But then it could still be a choice and not a necessity to exchange goods. But to wish the world had more scarcity just so you can get the pleasure of exchanging your goods for money is a bit odd.
I cannot imagine a world where it's not a necessity to exchange goods.
No, it is rapidly expanding and showing no signs of stopping. Like I said, starvation has been cut in half the number of people dedicated to changing the world forever has rapidly grown within the last century. Google has even installed free wi-fi in places like New Zealand where the system pays for itself through advertising. NYC is installing two wi-fi systems, one is for free public access and the other for paying customers. Theoretically, using next generation terahertz technology you can flood an entire city with infrared that will penetrate walls and provide terabits per second which is enough to run a Star Trek holodeck.
Progress is always two steps forward and one back and the ecology itself is collapsing as we speak but, other than the current crisis in making the transition, things have never looked better. Its the ancient Chinese blessing and curse of "May you live in interesting times" and a Theory of Everything that ushers in the next scientific revolution could be exactly what we need to survive as a species and rise above our problems. Its what Rainbow Warriors often call "Childhood's End" or the end of civilized puberty and transition into adulthood, which is always rough and sometimes you have to wonder how teens survive.
The internet is expanding in parts of Africa with Nigerian scammers becoming infamous. Progress there isn't as fast, but progress it is. Solar powered drones that provide internet are becoming a reality and cellphones are spreading even in the third world at a phenomenal rate. Some third world countries we no longer even think of as third world, like China, where progress has spread new services to a huge percentage of the world. Some of the new third world technology coming out include cheap solar cells, printers that print an entire house in hours complete with all the plumbing and wiring, and even genetically engineered plants that provide vitamins and medicines. A ten million dollar prize awaits whoever can devise the first Star Trek Tricorder for medical uses in the third world.
Its a real mishmash at this point and, for example, people have figured out how to make cheap electricity using fresh water rivers and the oceans they dump into as a battery, but we're still waiting for the technology to mature before building more than pilot plants. This century will see an end to destitute poverty which is the goal of Gramene Bank and so many others with the capital to make it happen. War, pollution, and exploitation are next on the agenda. In fact, war is still responsible for most of the starvation left in the world.
So I'm not sure that the developing world will progress at the same rate. Sure they'll have technology that they know nothing or almost nothing about. Technology that they can't operate without paying others to do it for them.
Probably in the US, where kids are used to such devices. If you come to my country, if a school was to give such devices to children, the parents would be outraged! How can kids have access to such devices at a young age! That's bad for them... and so forth. The kids themselves would most likely be unwilling to collaborate. The truth is that the world is much more broken up. We don't have only one world, as I said, but rather multiple, different worlds, living side by side. Your hope of a technological world is true only for a small part of the world. Only that world will be truly technological.
In Africa they've already done experiments with teaching kids how to program. They were successful, but the kids had no real use for the knowledge with the question becoming how to put skills they can be taught to productive use. Jimmy Carter had a mildly controversial program where he sent basketball equipment to Masai tribesmen. It was one of those cheap investments because if just one of them was really good they could play professionally and support an entire village which, it turns out, is exactly what they did. The internet is now used extensively to provide micro-loans where people can check out the individual themselves and decide if they want to loan them money for a goat or whatever.
I know its hard to believe all of humanity are not just greedy scumbags and lazy bums, but its true.
I don't disagree with this, but the fact is that most are in fact greedy scumbags and lazy bums. The only question is can we help educate them to be different, better human beings, and most importantly how.
People are idiots and in groups their insanity can know-no bounds, but that doesn't mean we cannot learn more about both our individual and collective behavior and take appropriate steps. In this century psychology and sociology and other fields have been as much art forms as sciences, but all that is about to change. The human mind is not nearly as mysterious and complex as many would have us believe. Its just the knowledge and technology has not yet been developed and, soon enough, people will become transparent in front of the whole world watching on camera with computers explaining whether they are lying, telling the truth, joking, or just flat out insane.
You can run, but you cannot hide from your own truth and technology is rapidly catching up.
There is a certain arrogance in this. As a developer of technology myself I am acutely aware of how "fragile" all technology is - some technology can take a life of its own and adapt and develop by itself, but the process is prone to errors - errors that our human mind, at points, struggles to track. I remember in my university days studying and doing research in structural dynamics and chaos theory. The principles I learned apply. The more perfect something is, the more imperfection sensitive it is. In fact, to be perfect is not only an advantage, but a great disadvantage as well. Perfection is equivalent to sensitivity. It is true that a shell structure in the perfect form, say a dome, is impossibly strong if there are no imperfections. But the smallest imperfection has a HUGE negative effect in its load distribution/carrying potential. This is true for technology as well - and that very small imperfection seems to be impossible to eradicate. Many structures today are purposefully built imperfectly - in order to avoid the sensitivity that would be there if they were perfect. They are more robust in this manner. I should add here that most of chaos theory is just an investigation in the tractability of imperfections, with the result that imperfections are not tractable. Very similar but not identical initial conditions lead to such different results that no pattern or relationship can be discerned. We have to operate in this uncertain world, and technology is only an unreliable crane that we have to make use of to facilitate our navigation.
Furthermore, the problem of technology is that people trust it too much, and the truth is technology, more often than not, is wrong. People do everything using technology but because they don't understand it, they don't understand how and when it can go wrong. A society governed by technology which COULD tell whether people are lying, telling the truth, joking - even supposing that the accuracy is 100% (which will never actually be the case) - would be rejected by men VIOLENTLY. Most people have some common interest in being able to lie and get away with it. Most people do not want to get rid of lies.
We are negentropic processes, all life is. We're decreasing our own entropy at a slower rater than we're increasing the entropy of our environment, leading to a net gain in entropy. A negentropic process is stable... until the necessary activation energy is met, and then the way downhill is swift and fast. Life is an incredibly brilliant and yet sensitive occurrence in the Universe. Technology itself is but a part of this entropic universe, a means of the Universe of guaranteeing its own entropification.
The very structure of the world guarantees that not much will change. Technology or not - people will remain people. And the wisdom of Jesus remains true here: this world will crumble - it's inevitable. The wages of sin are death, and the whole world, with Adam, has sinned. Once the entropic process has begone, the Universe was cursed to vanish. The irony is that regardless of what is done, the odds are stacked against life, against order, against negentropy, and for chaos and destruction. It's not that one person, or one civilisation or one group of men cannot do good for the world, cannot be virtuous. It's that the balance will never be in their favour. The odds are stacked against us.
But that's not to take away from the greatness of man. The greatness of man is precisely that he does not yield, and does not surrender, even if defeat is guaranteed and he knows that it is guaranteed. That is a triumph of the spirit, and it is the only thing that actually belongs to man.
Hence, the Chinese blessing and curse of, "May you live in interesting times". Among other things people are now investigating the possibly of creating energy in one location and teleporting to another as information and converting it back again so your refridgerator doesn't need an electrical cord or power supply. That's just the beginning because soon enough the truth that time is malleable and a self-organizing system will come out.
No the second law of of thermodynamics has never been violated. The silica bead experiment proves something that we already know - that the second law of thermodynamics is a statistical law, meaning that it doesn't apply to individual instances. Sure - you can have an individual object/system/person violate the second law of thermodynamics. But overall entropy will increase. That part is unavoidable. Sure you can decrease the entropy of a system - but at what cost? Take dissolving a piece of sugar in coffee. The point isn't that you can't reverse the process. It's that if you DO reverse the process, you will use a lot more energy than was required to lead to the process. If you were to reverse the whole of history, you would have to use more energy than ever existed - hence impossible. Remember the analogy of the ball in the valley, followed by the small hill, followed by a much longer and steeper slope downwards. To activate the process - in this case to take the piece of sugar and put it in the cup of coffee - takes little energy, just overcoming the small hill. To reverse the process though, which is to push the ball up the much larger hill down which it fell, takes infinitely more energy.
Reversing the process of old age for example isn't impossible. It's just that it takes more energy to do than it is to give life to a new child. The second law of thermodynamics doesn't state that such things are impossible - reversing processes - but rather that the odds are stacked against reversing processes, and given sufficient time, they will not be reversed.
What's in it for them, anyway? Are "they" really going to produce the food, clean water, clothing, shelter, heat, medical care, education, and so on that I-you-we require to live? For nothing? Just come and get it? Why would they? If you do not have a tangible and valuable exchange good to give them (cash, labor, gold bricks, etc.) why the hell will they support you?
There are still substantial costs in producing food, clothing shelter, clean water, heat, medical care, education, entertainment, and so on. Who is going to pay for it? Yes, I understand that robots can do all sorts of things. A lot of what people do for work and home maintenance can be robotized, computerized, and digitized--but not for nothing.
The bigger revolution (not the robotization part) hasn't happened yet, and doesn't appear to in the offing any time soon: the post-ownership world.
You may like your existence and I may like mine. But so far we have been been maintained in our existence because either we, or someone on our behalf, paid for our upkeep. Our existences were not considered so-worthwhile-in-themselves that we were declared national treasures worthy of free-support for life.
Well, you object... 7 billion people; that's too many to get rid of. WE outnumber THEM. THEY will keep supporting us forever.
I wouldn't count on it. We may be numerous, but we are not too numerous to be gotten rid of, one way or another. My guess is that the elite already sees no reason to keep 7 billion people on board, and would just as soon there be a major die-off. It can be arranged, rest assured.
What it means is we can possibly learn a great deal including what the immediate future may hold without violating causality in any way whatsoever. The more critical issue than size, in my opinion, is how humble any contents are relative to the observer and the context. It means the HUP needs to be rewritten to produce a theory of everything and thermodynamics can be better expressed as a systems logic that can reconcile quantum mechanics and relativity.
https://physics.aps.org/articles/v8/127
The second law of thermodynamics is the last hold out for the arrow of time, while the mathematics of quantum mechanics show no preference for the arrow of time. Similarly, although Relativity is every bit as accurate as quantum mechanics are precise, it contains the glaring Simultaneity Paradox that two observers can witness the same event at different times. Again, energy is causal, information is not. That's your "spooky" action-at-a-distance is that the past and future form a self-organizing system that ensures we have both the causal and acausal, random and orderly.
It means that both thermodynamics and Relativity have to be adapted to quantum mechanics. Thermodynamics, like I said, is an ad hoc collection of different theories, while Relativity contains a glaring paradox. The way around the issue is to formulate them along with quantum mechanics as a systems logic where the law of identity can vanish down the rabbit hole in a progressive fashion. Relativity contains the Equivalency Principle which is how they can be reconciled by expanding equivalences into a more dynamic systems logic that vanishes into indeterminacy. An analogy is an optical illusion where first you see it, then you don't. The context determines what meaning any measurements have and whether anything is considered noise or information, causal or acausal.
This is the same as linguistic philosophy were words can only have demonstrable meaning according to their specific context. An electron or bit of information only has meaning in specific contexts and metaphysics don't apply in the overall scheme of things making the laws of physics merely pragmatic.
A replicator [somehow--doesn't matter how because it doesn't exist] turns raw energy into a volume of Earl Grey tea at 160ºF in a ceramic cup for Captain Picard. Apparently the replicator and the transporter share basic technology. The transporter somehow [doesn't matter how because it doesn't exist] disassembles the person or object down to the sub-atomic particles and then reassembles them someplace else. It's a very data-dense procedure.
A 3D printer is to a replicator as meiosis is to Mercury--in other words, no relationship at all.
Not only do you spray it layer after layer, but say if you try to print the letter "T" the way it shows on the screen, standing up, it will fail to print it, because the nozzle that sprays the plastic can't build the first layer of the sides of the T with no support underneath. So then the program will either add supports built out of plastic (which you have to cut out after the printing is finished), or you have to change printing orientation, such as printing the "T" flat, or printing it upside down. There are some double curvature shapes, such as the pringle shape, that it may not be able to even print without supports, depending on the degrees of curvature involved, regardless of what orientation you want to print in. Also the actual printing process takes quite a bit.
So yeah, replicator my ass.
The fact of the matter is that the second law of thermodynamics is a law that we have more proof for than possibly any other law in physics, including the whole of QM and Relativity. If the second law turned out to be false, then there really will be a very big problem to explain why the world has behaved according to it for pretty much its entire history, and why it keeps behaving that way. Again, physics sets very strong limitations on what is possible. It's good that you are widely read, and you do have some important and great ideas, but I think it only takes away from your insights that you seek to peddle unscientific ideas as facts, merely because they'd help support a view of reality you like. The truth is that the world isn't as malleable as any of us would want.
Nor do we have 4 dimensional dilithium crystals, but the essential idea remains the same that we can use a machine to replicate things in our own homes if we want. Getting nit picky about details doesn't change the underlying essential reality of the situation that Star Trek has inspired countless inventions including practically every hospital in the world now using wall mounted monitors to display information on patients lying in beds.
To be crass, what does holographic stool look like outside the Holodeck?
You can image Holographic bars where people got roaring drunk, exited the program and then immediately sobered up as all that holographic alcohol dissipated. You can return straight to duty after a grand night out on the town.
Quantum mechanics and Relativity are accurate to over 14 decimal places and modern Standard Theory is the foundation of any measurements made today including those in thermodynamics. You might as well claim we have more proof of Newtonian mechanics than quantum mechanics and Relativity combined which is just absurd nonsense. Hows that for your "scientific facts"? Thermodynamics is an ad hoc collection of theories that have yet to be reconciled with the very theories used today to measure heat and was, until recently, the last hold-out for those insisting the fundamental equations of physics must conform to the arrow of time.
Sometimes the brightest lights are left on when nobody is home and nowhere is this more apparent than in physics. Einstein and all the greats were very philosophical and understood many of the implications of their work however, in my experience working with them, most physicists are trained monkeys merely making measurements and designing things like better weapons without a clue as to the deeper implications of their work. So long as they get paid well they really couldn't care less and denying that anything is acausal is how they make their bread and butter.