What is the epistemology of epistemology?
Epistemology is the theory of knowledge, starting from the idea that knowledge is a justified belief (JtB). Hence, epistemology is a collection of standard justification methods, each of which generates an epistemic domain:
How do we know this?
We discovered this by observing the abstract world of knowledge statements and detecting the patterns that their justifications match.
Where science observes the real, physical world and matches these observation to scientific patterns ("theories"), epistemology observers the abstract world of knowledge and matches their justification to epistemic patterns.
Epistemology is not axiomatic. It is also not empirical. Epistemology has its own method that is observational very much like science, but of a different target world.
Epistemology is justified by detecting and matching epistemic patterns in existing knowledge.
- Mathematics is justified by proving it axiomatically (Bourbaki).
- Science is justified by testing it experimentally (Popper).
- History is justified by corroborating what has been witnessed.
How do we know this?
We discovered this by observing the abstract world of knowledge statements and detecting the patterns that their justifications match.
Where science observes the real, physical world and matches these observation to scientific patterns ("theories"), epistemology observers the abstract world of knowledge and matches their justification to epistemic patterns.
Epistemology is not axiomatic. It is also not empirical. Epistemology has its own method that is observational very much like science, but of a different target world.
Epistemology is justified by detecting and matching epistemic patterns in existing knowledge.
Comments (10)
And 'reasons for knowing' can operate at both an individual and a social level. These in turn raise the issue of selectivity of direction of knowledge, i.e. the 'vectoring of epistemology' which is partially encompassed by areas like 'the sociology of knowledge' or the notion of 'paradigms'.
NB Piaget's 'Genetic Epistemology' may be a useful model for discussing those points.
Yes, I was only dealing with standard, objective methods for knowledge justification. It may be possible that knowledge is subjective. A belief may be knowledge for a particular individual, because he can justify it, but other people may not. I was actually only looking into shared beliefs, i.e. objective ones.
Nor can are 'perceived patterns' be considered 'objective'. It might be better to use 'overall consensus'
from a species pov, instead of 'objective' . The deconstruction of the subjective/objective dichotomy is prominent issue in epistemology..
That really depends on the definition of the term "objective". If the degree of objectivity of a shared belief increases with the number of believers, we can actually measure objectivity.
Objective does not mean and should not mean "true". It also does not mean and should not mean "justified". A completely unjustified belief can perfectly be very objective.
I think that it is not a good idea to commingle the terms "true", "justified", and "objective". In my opinion, the term "objective" does not necessarily mean "better".
Quoting fresco
That is indeed why its definition is an essential issue.
Still, I am mostly interested in the justification of shared beliefs.
I don't think that makes any sense as a nested question.
The question is: What is the knowledge-justification method in epistemology? Pattern matching, just like in science, but instead of matching them to real-world phenomena, it matches them to knowledge statements.
Well, justified true belief (JtB) is a bunch of gobbledegook cooked up by philosophers with too much time on their hands. I'm not the only one who believes that. Which doesn't change the fact justification is a central part of knowledge. It's just more complicated than you've presented it. First off, most of the things we know don't fall into the categories of math, science, or history, even if we exclude things like knowing how to ride a bike or speak German. There was knowledge before there was math, science, or history.
Here's how I've come to think about it after 30 years as an environmental engineer:
Justification comes in the steps where we evaluate the SCM. We need to answer these questions:
I think that last question is the most important one in an evaluation of knowledge, one that doesn't get discussed often. The important question is not "what is truth." It's "what do I do now."
That doesn't really make sense though. Epistemology looks at what knowledge is, what justification is, etc. Looking at knowledge and/or justification of looking at knowledge and justification doesn't add anything. It's not as if epistemology leaves those things unanalyzed.
Spot on !
Well, then we can ask ourselves the question: Is knowledge about knowledge, i.e. the metaknowledge, itself knowledge? If it is itself justified, then yes. Otherwise, no.
I think that epistemology is a justified belief, and therefore, itself knowledge.