You are viewing the historical archive of The Philosophy Forum.
For current discussions, visit the live forum.
Go to live forum

Discussions About God.

YuZhonglu April 14, 2019 at 23:39 7475 views 35 comments
A Pope in the 20th Century, let's say Pope John Paul II writes an article about God. Obviously he's writing about the God in the Christian Bible. From his perspective he's writing about an universal God, a God that applies to everyone. You may not agree, but that's not the point of this discussion.

My point goes more like this: Popes in the 15th century were also writing about the God in the Christain Bible, too. That's reasonable, right? Also, when Pope John Paul II writes his article about God, he obviously believes that he's thinking about the same God as the Pope in the 15th century. That's reasonable too, right?

But are they actually writing about the same 'God?' I didn't make this thread to discuss the existence of 'God,' and personally I don't care if you agree with Pope John Paul II or not. What I am really wondering is:

Is Pope John Paul II's concept of God the same as the 15th century Pope's concept of God? If you argue there concepts are different, then doesn't that mean that each Pope is writing about a different God?

Comments (35)

Valentinus April 14, 2019 at 23:52 #277063
Popes have a tough job. Management is a scam.
I would direct your question to Augustine or Aquinas.
They carried the water.
There have been other developments.
What do you want to know?
YuZhonglu April 14, 2019 at 23:54 #277065
Ok. Is Augustine writing about the same God as Aquinas? Are modern scholars of the Bible thinking of the same God as scholars of the Bible of the, uh, medieval centuries?

And more broadly:

When two people on a philosophy discussion forum discuss God, to what extent are they discussing the "same" God?

EDIT: Maybe the reason people can't agree is because each person is talking about a different God.
Fooloso4 April 15, 2019 at 00:23 #277082
Reply to YuZhonglu

The pious person might answer that they are talking about the God but each according to his own understanding or according to his own way of expressing what goes beyond all human attempts to express.

But I agree that if there are different concepts of God then to treat them all as if they are all about the same entity or Being or ground or source of being or what have you is problematic.
YuZhonglu April 15, 2019 at 00:27 #277087
Here's another problem: The pious might believe they're talking about the same God (from different angles). But to everyone else, it looks like each individual is talking about a different God.

I mean, if two people write about God differently, then doesn't that mean that the two people are each writing about a different God? They may not agree to that, but to everyone else that's what it looks like.

EDIT: BTW, I'm planning to take this thread beyond the immediate question. For example, if two philosophers write about free will differently, then doesn't that mean each philosopher is writing about a DIFFERENT free will? Perhaps the reason philosophers can't agree on a definition of "free will" is because each philosopher is defining a different "free will."
Valentinus April 15, 2019 at 00:48 #277098
Reply to YuZhonglu Quoting YuZhonglu
Ok. Is Augustine writing about the same God as Aquinas?


Well, my reading of the City of God does not fit with the idea of just war. Does that add up to a different God?

If the relationship is so much dependent upon what I think is right at one point or or another, why bother at all?

Just fold "God" into other stuff and carry on.

YuZhonglu April 15, 2019 at 00:52 #277099
Reply to Valentinus I couldn't understand what you're saying. Um, the grammar needs work. Could you phrase that differently?
Valentinus April 15, 2019 at 00:53 #277100
My grammar?
YuZhonglu April 15, 2019 at 00:56 #277105
Too much passive tense.
Valentinus April 15, 2019 at 00:57 #277106
Have you read the City of God?
YuZhonglu April 15, 2019 at 00:57 #277107
No. So that's another reason why I don't understand what you're saying.
Valentinus April 15, 2019 at 00:58 #277108
Are you familiar with Aquinas's argument for Just War?
Valentinus April 15, 2019 at 00:58 #277109
Active enough?
YuZhonglu April 15, 2019 at 01:00 #277112
Also, no.
Valentinus April 15, 2019 at 01:02 #277115
Tomorrow, then.
I will try to represent.
YuZhonglu April 15, 2019 at 01:03 #277116
Ok. I'll try to understand.
Wayfarer April 15, 2019 at 04:42 #277209
Reply to YuZhonglu There have always been many paradoxes in respect of the nature of the 'ultimate reality' in theistic traditions. Historically, the way that God was depicted in the Bible was in accordance with the testimonies of the various witnesses and prophets who make up the main narrators of the Old and New Testament. When Christianity became a mass religion in the aftermath of Constantine's conversion, then it was necessary to accommodate it within a philosophical context which was intelligible to those audiences. To that end, many elements of Greek philosophy were amalgamated with Christian theology via the Greek-speaking theologians, including Clement of Alexandria, Origen, and others, which gave rise to Christian theology proper, and in turn the classical forms of philosophical theology which arguably reached their most mature expression in Aquinas. And I think there's a fair degree of unanimity about the meaning of the name 'God' in that domain of discourse, but it takes a lot of study to understand it.

One author who has made a recent attempt is David Bentley Hart, in his 2012 book The Experience of God, which describes God in terms of being “the one infinite source of all that is: eternal, omniscient, omnipotent, omnipresent, uncreated, uncaused, perfectly transcendent of all things and for that very reason absolutely immanent to all things.” He also argues in this book that this description is cross-cultural and very similar to expressions of theistic faith in other traditions such as Advaita Vedanta and Islam.

That said, there is also a sense in which any idea of God is said to be radically insufficient, insofar as whatever else God is, He is beyond any human conception. So according to Paul Tillich, God is not 'the Christian God' or 'the Muslim God' or anything of the kind.

"Religion is direction or movement toward the ultimate or the unconditional. And God rightly defined might be called the Unconditional. God, in the true sense, is indefinable. Since the Unconditional precedes our minds and precedes all created things, God cannot be confined by the mind or by words. Tillich sees God as Being-Itself, or the "Ground of all Being." For this reason there cannot be "a" God. There cannot even be a "highest God," for even that concept is limiting. We cannot make an object out of God. And the moment we say he is the highest God or anything else, we have made him an object. Thus, beyond the God of the Christian or the God of the Jews, there is the "God beyond God." This God cannot be said to exist or not to exist in the sense that we "exist". Either statement is limiting. We cannot make a thing out of God, no matter how holy this thing may be, because there still remains something behind the holy thing which is its ground or basis, the "ground of being."


Of course, the response to that is, 'what is he talking about? If it's so "unknowable" then what use is it to anyone?' To which the answer is, the reason such notions are embedded in religious discourse, is because to understand them requires both practice and immersion in the cultural milieu in which they're meaningful. Which is pretty well lost to the modern world, in which we mainly live through symbolic forms and images which have no intrinsic meaning. That is why these ideas are very hard to understand - their meaning only can ever become clear through participation (which is the purpose of ritual).
Daniel Cox April 15, 2019 at 05:45 #277213
I like David Bentley Hart.
Heracloitus April 15, 2019 at 09:09 #277255
Same God, different perspectives. As is to be expected from the finite positions we all share.
YuZhonglu April 15, 2019 at 10:38 #277294
@ Wayfarer: I actually have a friend (sorta) who went to graduate theology school. What you say about Christianity sounds about right. It was at the Council of Nicea or something that the Church at the time decided which chapters of the Bible to include, right? From what I read Emperor Constantine was getting pretty pissed that these argumentative church elders couldn't agree on a state doctrine so he was like: "alright you fools, do it or else." Etc. etc. I don't have the details but I do have a general sketch of what happened then.

In regards to the second half, the argument that Muslims, Hindus, Christians, etc. are all looking at the "same" God, but from different perspectives (and that of course all human perspectives are flawed and incomplete) is something I'm familiar with. But, you know, if you're not pious, from the written evidence you can just as easily argue that each person or side is arguing about a different God. There are significant differences between Hinduism, Islam, and Christianity, all of which is well documented. The only major similarity is that they all claim to be about "The One True God" as a tactic to demonstrate their superiority over alternatives like the other religions and atheism/agnosticism.

@Emancipate. But why do you assume that? From the written evidence, I can easily argue that the reason people have different perspectives of God is because each person is writing about a different God.

I mean, when a person writes about God they're writing about their concept of God, correct? Since their concepts of God differ, then naturally that means each person is writing about a different God.
Heracloitus April 15, 2019 at 10:58 #277298
Quoting YuZhonglu
I mean, when a person writes about God they're writing about their concept of God, correct? Since their concepts of God differ, then naturally that means each person is writing about a different God


Well if you take the position that God is infinite and man is finite, then all of man's different conceptions of God can be thought of as a perspective. Each individual has a unique finite slice (perspective) of the whole infinite. Everyone has a different turn of the kaleidoscope. The Hindus represent this well with many, many Gods as facets of an infinite reality (or God). Ultimate reality as multiplicity.

Possibility April 15, 2019 at 10:59 #277299
For many who discuss God, I think the term refers to a concept they are making an attempt to explain, insofar as they understand or experience it - recognising that not everyone is likely to experience and therefore articulate this same concept in the same way. For these people, I would imagine written descriptions of ‘God’ are evidence only of subjective experience, including culturally shared experiences, education and other discussions about God. The God they refer to (whether they ‘believe’ or not) is not designed to stand up to logical scrutiny, but to evolve and adjust to their awareness and experiences. It remains a concept that exists regardless, and encompasses their personal response to other descriptions of the same concept.

For others, God refers to something or someone much more concrete and defined, with specific properties that are ‘objectively’ established or stated, and as such are rarely up for discussion. In this respect they are not discussing the same God: neither with the first group nor, I would imagine, with others who discuss God in this way. Whether they accept or reject its existence, they are not seeking any more information about the God they have apparently defined (even if that definition cannot be articulated, either clearly or logically). Any additional information they encounter will be immediately assessed based on whether it contradicts or correlates with their definition.

This is in my experience, anyway.
YuZhonglu April 15, 2019 at 11:04 #277302
@ emancipate

I don't take a position on God, whether he exists or not, or whether he's finite or not. I'm actually ok with most other people's positions on it. If you're Hindu or atheist or Christian, that's great. As an agnostic, I'm ok with all sides. But my position can be summarized like this: "obviously humans can't see the infinite. I agree with you. But since I can't see it, and you can't see it, and no one can see it, and no one can really talk about it, then why spend the effort? If the infinite can't be comprehended, why try? Shouldn't more effort be spent on subjects we can measure (i.e. finite subjects) such as: [EDIT]

On a biological/physical level, what exactly makes people want to discuss God in the first place?

And, neurologically, when two people discuss God, are they using the 'same' parts of the brain, or are they using different ones?

And, if they have happened to be using different parts of the brain when they discuss God, doesn't that mean each person is discussing a different "God?"
YuZhonglu April 15, 2019 at 11:13 #277303
Reply to Possibility I suspect the neurobiological patterns of these two types of people, when they talk about God, will differ.
Heracloitus April 15, 2019 at 11:37 #277319
Quoting YuZhonglu
I don't take a position on God, whether he exists or not, or whether he's finite or not.


I think you do. As I think everyone must. Because to exist, is to have experience and the way one experiences reality is their unique position of God.

Quoting YuZhonglu
But since I can't see it, and you can't see it, and no one can see it, and no one can really talk about it, then why spend the effort? If the infinite can't be comprehended, why try?


I didn't say you can't see it.

You can perhaps not understand, or experience God in absolute totality (though some would argue you can and I am not going to dispute that). Still, you can explore God as a finite being and experience all that comes with that.
Possibility April 15, 2019 at 11:39 #277320
Reply to YuZhonglu In my opinion, some people ‘see’ the particle, others ‘see’ the wave...
hachit April 15, 2019 at 19:32 #277532
Reply to YuZhonglu
Pope is writing about a different God?


No, as long as they stick to the Nicene Creed there the same God. However the Catholic Church has the problem were every Pope can change the doctrine as he sees fit.
BrianW April 15, 2019 at 20:03 #277544
Reply to YuZhonglu

Is the God of the Bible one God? I mean, is Moses' God identical to Elijah's, Isaiah's or Jesus' God? If so, how do we know that their concepts of God are identical?
YuZhonglu April 17, 2019 at 10:59 #278106
Reply to BrianW The point is there concepts of God are not identical. Similar perhaps, but not identical. Elijah and Isaiah each wrote and thought about Jehovah differently.
YuZhonglu April 17, 2019 at 11:01 #278107
Reply to hachit But even if they stick to the Nicene Creed, if each Pope writes about God differently, then doesn't that mean each Pope is thinking of a different concept of God?

Of course, each Pope believes they're talking about the same God as the previous Pope. But the written evidence suggests otherwise.
BrianW April 17, 2019 at 13:38 #278151
Quoting YuZhonglu
The point is there concepts of God are not identical. Similar perhaps, but not identical. Elijah and Isaiah each wrote and thought about Jehovah differently.


Could it mean there are different Gods in the Bible?
Frank Apisa April 17, 2019 at 15:38 #278203
Quoting BrianW
BrianW
676

The point is there concepts of God are not identical. Similar perhaps, but not identical. Elijah and Isaiah each wrote and thought about Jehovah differently. — YuZhonglu


Could it mean there are different Gods in the Bible?


The notion that there is but one god in the Bible...is absurd.

The notion that the Abrahamic "religion" was monotheistic...is absurd.

Neither of those things is so. At least, that is not what the Bible says.
hachit April 17, 2019 at 19:29 #278289
Reply to YuZhonglu
doesn't that mean each Pope is thinking of a different concept of God?


I understand what your saying, if two people write different things about God are they the same God.
This is were the story of the green and red Hat comes to play, just because two people see something different doses mean only one or the other is true. They both might be.

Here is the fact the Nicene Creed in its word described the God of the christians including the Catholic Church. as long as there is no deviations from it, it is the same God. That is how the theology works.
whollyrolling April 18, 2019 at 23:30 #278784
Quoting BrianW
Could it mean there are different Gods in the Bible?


It's been demonstrated through scholarship and archaeology, with use of the bible as a reference, that the bible came from a polytheistic culture that clung to relics of Canaanite gods for some time prior to its monotheism.

The bible implies numerous times that God is different for each person and that it's between each person and God to define the relationship, which seems to be a large part of its appeal. It's intended to be the same God throughout though.
BrianW April 19, 2019 at 00:48 #278829
Quoting whollyrolling
that the bible came from a polytheistic culture that clung to relics of Canaanite gods for some time prior to its monotheism.


So, is the God referred to in the Bible a distinct deity or a montage of multiple deities?

Personally, I don't think there's any God at all. I think the so-called men of God are just highly sensitive and responsive humans who're trying to reconcile forces of nature with their dawning intelligence and recognition of the large-scale human nature. I think metaphysics, superstition and supernatural representations are just a consequence of the language of those times.
I think if there was an actual deific entity, there would be some consistency beyond what is perceived in the Bible. The only consistency I see is human development and evolution in terms of ideas, practices, society, etc. The deific energy (God) seems dependent upon human activities instead of it being vice versa. It's like God wants what's best for humans but only if humans realise what is good for them. So, ultimately, everything unfolds at the human speed of life.
whollyrolling April 19, 2019 at 01:45 #278854
Quoting BrianW
So, is the God referred to in the Bible a distinct deity or a montage of multiple deities?


It's intended to be one God, but each writer of course explains things in a way that is relevant to him, reflecting changes in culture and style, which results in sometimes drastic variation of the facets of God that are focused on. The book was written over quite a span--several hundred years, many changes in scholarship and leadership.

The Christian bible is limited in comparison to the Jewish texts and the translation is a source of some controversy. Also, there's the trinity, which adds further dynamics.