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The Paradox of Tolerance - Let's find a solution!

Pelle January 12, 2019 at 20:40 11025 views 40 comments
When discussing tolerance, it's inevitable to stumble upon this paradox. What if we get so tolerant that we tolerate the intolerant and in turn our civilization crumbles? The philosopher Karl Popper was first to point it out and explains it at length below:

Karl Popper:Less well known is the paradox of tolerance: Unlimited tolerance must lead to the disappearance of tolerance. If we extend unlimited tolerance even to those who are intolerant, if we are not prepared to defend a tolerant society against the onslaught of the intolerant, then the tolerant will be destroyed, and tolerance with them.?—?In this formulation, I do not imply, for instance, that we should always suppress the utterance of intolerant philosophies; as long as we can counter them by rational argument and keep them in check by public opinion, suppression would certainly be unwise. But we should claim the right to suppress them if necessary even by force; for it may easily turn out that they are not prepared to meet us on the level of rational argument, but begin by denouncing all argument; they may forbid their followers to listen to rational argument, because it is deceptive, and teach them to answer arguments by the use of their fists or pistols. We should therefore claim, in the name of tolerance, the right not to tolerate the intolerant.


What do you think? How can we come to a properly justified solution?

Comments (40)

andrewk January 12, 2019 at 20:50 #245459
There is no dilemma. Unlimited tolerance equates to complete indifference - to being an immobile lump. Nobody that has thought about it advocates unlimited tolerance. The debate will always be about what behaviours we extend tolerance to. The result is negotiated between parties that want to ban vs those that want to allow certain behaviours, and will vary between jurisdictions. But no jutisdiction has a blanket tolerance for murder (the word blanket is crucial there!).
ssu January 12, 2019 at 20:52 #245460
Tolerance isn't submission.

In tolerance there is the part of resisting, to putting up with. Just like in engineering, tolerance is about the permissible limits of variation in an object.

Hence unlimited tolerance is an oxymoron. Or as andrewk said above, complete indifference.
Deleted User January 12, 2019 at 21:22 #245477
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DingoJones January 12, 2019 at 21:31 #245482
Reply to tim wood

...that there is no limit to what will be tolerated...
Crazy Diamond January 12, 2019 at 22:21 #245505
Popper's excellent discussion is related to the concept of discrimination. We should of course discriminate at all times between right and wrong, good and evil, abuse and decency, and we should only make sure that we are not applying false discrimination, such as between skin colours as if they were good and bad. Voltaire's famous quote, "I disagree with what you say but I will fight for your right to say it", should be infamous. In England at the moment huge numbers of newspaper editors, politicians and other public figures are getting away with serious abuse crime, incitement to hatred and driving desperate people to suicide, then posturing about claiming free speech and the freedom of the press. The freedom of the press has only ever meant freedom from control by abusive power, it doesn't mean freedom to incite racist violence, which should be prosecuted. If you are saying foul things, then my quote is "I disagree with what you say, and I will fight to have you put in a cage where you can no longer hurt people".
Deleted User January 12, 2019 at 22:21 #245507
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Deleted User January 12, 2019 at 22:48 #245519
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Inis January 13, 2019 at 09:18 #245640
Quoting tim wood
Apparently "hate speech" is speech you would control. How? And at what cost? I gather that in England part of the control is through prior restraint: mere publishing can be a crime. In America publish away and take your chances!


I think you might be underestimating the situation in England, where hate-crimes are defined by the criterion that someone perceives your motivation to have been hatred towards a protected group. That your motivation were not motivated by hatred is irrelevant. And note, that the person who perceives the hate, may be a third party.

I have read that several police forces, particularly the Metropolitan police, that operates in London, has in the order of a thousand officers dedicated to patrolling social media, and make daily arrests.

If you're not the member of a protected group, the criteria are different.
Pelle January 13, 2019 at 10:57 #245652
Reply to andrewk

Quoting andrewk
There is no dilemma. Unlimited tolerance equates to complete indifference - to being an immobile lump. Nobody that has thought about it advocates unlimited tolerance.


Well, how would you explain the likes of the hypertolerant post-modernists? They sure as hell aren't "immobile lumps"
.
Valentinus January 13, 2019 at 17:18 #245767
Reply to Pelle

The limit of what should be tolerated is a function of how and why the permission is given and by whom. For instance, Popper calls for a limit that is not identical to the one Marcuse argued for. Marcuse puts it this way:

Within the affluent democracy, the affluent discussion prevails, and within the established framework, it is tolerant to a large extent. All points of view can be heard: the Communist and the Fascist, the Left and the Right, the white and the Negro, the crusaders for armament and for disarmament. Moreover, in endlessly dragging debates over the media, the stupid opinion is treated with the same respect as the intelligent one, the misinformed may talk as long as the informed, and propaganda rides along with education, truth with falsehood. This pure toleration of sense and nonsense is justified by the democratic argument that nobody, neither group nor individual, is in possession of the truth and capable of defining what is right and wrong, good and bad. Therefore, all contesting opinions must be submitted to 'the people' for its deliberation and choice. But I have already suggested that the democratic argument implies a necessary condition, namely, that the people must be capable of deliberating and choosing on the basis of knowledge, that they must have access to authentic information, and that, on this. basis, their evaluation must be the result of autonomous thought.

The discussion for both Popper and Marcuse revolves around what is possible for a future society.






DingoJones January 13, 2019 at 17:32 #245776
Quoting tim wood
I actually do understand the words. Allow me to try this: does "unlimited tolerance" imply absolute - or even any - intolerance (as something itself to be tolerated)?


Thats what I would take the phrase to mean, that you wouod tolerate intolerance. You would be tolerating everything, nothing excluded.
I do not think it is a monstrous creation of language as you describe, though I know what you mean.
I think the phrase is coherent, but probably not very wise. That kind of tolerence seems foolish.
andrewk January 13, 2019 at 20:37 #245830
Reply to Pelle Even if they advocate unlimited tolerance, they do not practice it. Indeed, some of them are quite temperamental.
Terrapin Station January 13, 2019 at 23:08 #245875
Being pro tolerance, even of the intolerant, doesn't imply that you'll follow suit and be intolerant or that you'll stop promoting tolerance. This would only be a "paradox" if one were to believe that intolerance is contagious and tolerance is not.
khaled January 14, 2019 at 04:20 #245975
Reply to Terrapin Station the problem is that tolerance prevents you from defending yourself, Intolerance doesn’t. So yes one is contagious and one is not.
Terrapin Station January 14, 2019 at 12:05 #246040
Quoting khaled
the problem is that tolerance prevents you from defending yourself,


You'd defend tolerance if you're pro tolerance. Otherwise it wouldn't make sense to say that you're pro tolerance. If you don't defend tolerance you're not pro tolerance, you're just apathetic.
khaled January 14, 2019 at 13:38 #246066
Reply to Terrapin Station not it wouldn't make sense to defend tolerance if you're pro tolerance because that would mean you're not tolerant towards the intolerant which makes YOU intolerant. It's like a Jedi vs Sith thing. The Sith keep winning because the Jedi code forbids you from killing people. A warmonger will always beat a pacifist. If the pacifist defends himself he's not a pacifist
Terrapin Station January 14, 2019 at 13:41 #246068
Quoting khaled
not it wouldn't make sense to defend tolerance if you're pro tolerance because that would mean you're not tolerant towards the intolerant which makes YOU intolerant.


I don't agree with that. Maybe if you tell me the definition of tolerance that you're using.
khaled January 14, 2019 at 13:43 #246069
Reply to Terrapin Station tolerance is tolerating any and all opinions and acts without opposing them. No matter how much you disagree with them. That's at least the extreme version proposed here
Terrapin Station January 14, 2019 at 13:45 #246071
Reply to khaled

That sounds like apathy, not tolerance. Tolerance doesn't conventionally amount to not having and expressing your own opinion.
khaled January 14, 2019 at 13:46 #246073
Reply to Terrapin Station expressing your opinion is fine but trying to force it on someone else is not. Because that would mean you don't tolerate their beliefs and want to change them
Terrapin Station January 14, 2019 at 13:47 #246074
Quoting khaled
expressing your opinion is fine but trying to force it on someone else is not. Because that would mean you don't tolerate their beliefs and want to change them


Defending tolerance doesn't at all amount to forcing anything on anyone.
khaled January 14, 2019 at 13:49 #246075
Reply to Terrapin Station ok cool so since you can't force your beliefs on others that is identical to not being able to defend yourself is it not? If someone attacks you you can't stop him because that would be forcing your belief "I should live" on him. That's what's described in the original post
Terrapin Station January 14, 2019 at 13:53 #246077
Quoting khaled
ok cool so since you can't force your beliefs on others that is identical to not being able to defend yourself is it not?


No, of course not. I just said that defending something doesn't at all amount to forcing anything on anyone. Think of a defense lawyer. They defend their clients. They don't--and can't --force beliefs on anyone.

Re a physical attack, you'd be conflating beliefs and actions. They're not the same thing.
khaled January 14, 2019 at 13:54 #246078
Reply to Terrapin Station you would be forcing your attacker not to attack you. The defense lawyer IS trying to force his belief "my client is innocent" on others. That's intolerant
Terrapin Station January 14, 2019 at 13:55 #246079
Reply to khaled

It's not even possible to "force a belief" (and I just said that). The whole idea of that is nonsensical.
khaled January 14, 2019 at 13:59 #246082
Reply to Terrapin Station Ok then you define tolerance
khaled January 14, 2019 at 14:00 #246084
Reply to Terrapin Station the way I see it trying to convince someone to change what they think or what they do In any way falls under Intolerant. You don't tolerate their beliefs and want to change them
Terrapin Station January 14, 2019 at 14:03 #246086
Reply to khaled

Here's a conventional definition of "tolerant":

"showing willingness to allow the existence of opinions or behavior that one does not necessarily agree with."
khaled January 14, 2019 at 14:06 #246089
Reply to Terrapin Station now when you take that to the extreme as is done in the post it turns from "showing willingness" to "always" and when that happens you can't defend yourself
Terrapin Station January 14, 2019 at 14:10 #246090
Reply to khaled

Tolerance is never about letting people initiate physical attacks, murdering others, etc.

I don't know if you're an Aspie or not, but you can't approach topics like an Aspie (without it just amounting to inanity).
khaled January 14, 2019 at 14:37 #246099
What's an aspie?

Quoting Terrapin Station
Tolerance is never about letting people initiate physical attacks, murdering others, etc.


Exactly why tolerent people as defined can't defend themselves from Intolerant people
khaled January 14, 2019 at 14:39 #246100
Reply to Terrapin Station ok I looked it up. Obviously when I'm trying to make the same point I'll sound repetitive. That doesn't mean I have Asperger's syndrome
Terrapin Station January 14, 2019 at 14:48 #246102
Quoting khaled
Exactly why tolerent people as defined can't defend themselves from Intolerant people


It's not an argument against something if you don't even know what people are talking about. You have to address what someone is saying. Not what they're not saying but how you can creatively or "literally" interpret a term.

Aspies tend to interpret things "literally."
khaled January 14, 2019 at 15:12 #246111
Reply to Terrapin Station oh I’m so sorry for thinking the words you say mean the words you say. Tell me exactly what you mean then because apparently I haven’t addressed your point. Also please bear with me and use words to mean what they literally mean. Me being an aspie apparently can’t comprehend otherwise
Terrapin Station January 14, 2019 at 15:28 #246117
Quoting khaled
oh I’m so sorry for thinking the words you say mean the words you say.


That's just the issue though. You have to deal with what people actually have in mind, not something they don't have in mind but that you think the words "literally" say. The latter is the mistake that Aspies make. That's one of the primary characteristics of Aspergers.

I already told you at least twice above that no one is using "tolerance" to refer to just letting people murder others, say.
DingoJones January 14, 2019 at 15:49 #246123
Reply to Terrapin Station

Thats what I understood the OP to be refering to, an extreme tolerance, so tolerant that you tolerate anything. Im not buying khaleds logic but I think he is using the word consistently with the discussions premiss.
Terrapin Station January 14, 2019 at 16:10 #246130
Reply to DingoJones

The initial post says nothing about physical violence, initiating physical attacks, committing murders, etc.

Conventional talk of tolerance has nothing to do with that. It has to do with attitudes, beliefs customs, biases, biogtry, etc. It's an ideological issue, not a violence issue.
DingoJones January 14, 2019 at 17:34 #246147
Reply to Terrapin Station

I took “unlimited tolerance” to include tolerance of violence etc, some kind of extreme tolerance. Not the way I would think of it, and not conventional but I dont know what else would be meant by “unlimited tolerance”.
Terrapin Station January 14, 2019 at 17:37 #246148
Reply to DingoJones

Unlimited tolerance would presumably include tolerance of hate speech, Pro-Nazi views, pedophilia advocates--etc. Views considered more outrageous.
DingoJones January 14, 2019 at 17:45 #246151
Reply to Terrapin Station

Yes, everything. Excluding nothing. At least, thats what I would think “unlimited” is intended to mean.
The initial poster seems to have tuned out of the conversation so im not even sure if there is much substance here, or what the end game of the OP might be.
Anyway, I understand your view. Similar if not very close to the free speech discussion.