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Time Travel Paradoxes.

javi2541997 May 04, 2022 at 19:01 10550 views 63 comments
I recently read an interesting article from a book of Robert Heinlein (1907-1988) called "By His Bootstraps". I think it is pretty worthy to share the main story here and debate it:

The narrator does indeed set himself up "by his bootstraps" -- his present and future selves all interact with each other to produce the events. The paradoxical nature of this comes down to the case of a notebook that was provided to the narrator by the older man in the future. It contained a vocabulary of the language that was spoken by people in the future. The narrator learns the language and, as the book wears out over the years, copies it over into a notebook he had fetched from the present. This notebook, as it happens, is the very one he, as the older man, then provides to his other self. He is therefore the same person who both learns the knowledge from the notebook and put the knowledge into the notebook in the first place. The vocabulary as a certain list of items arranged in a certain way was thus complied by no one whatsoever. The knowledge exists in a closed temporal loop and is in an important sense uncaused or uncreated. The narrator himself notes that there is something peculiar about this.

Robert Heinlein's 1941 story writes a philosophy thesis that time travel is impossible because time, in Immanuel Kant's terms, is only empirically real and does not exist independently among things in themselves. The narrator is then suddenly surprised to find two different versions of himself arriving from the future, with conflicting warnings and promises about what he can do. Traveling to the future, he meets an older man who repeats the promises, but whom he ends up distrusting. After some confusion, back in the present, he obtains some supplies and returns to the future to a period significantly earlier than when he would met the older man, intending to contest the future with him. Eventually, however, it turns out that he himself is the older man and his future is in fact, pace Immanuel Kant, secured.

According to Kelley L. Ross in his main page (The Proceedings of the Friesian School, Fourth Series): Every instance of time travel generating an infinite number of alternative universes might be thought to violate Ockham's Razor, especially since the idea that an alternative universe could be generated in the first place has disturbing consequences for the metaphysics of identity. Simplicity and common sense rebel against such principles -- although serious versions of such metaphysics have been produced to deal with quantum mechanics, and multiple real universes were proposed by the philosopher David Lewis to explain possibility and necessity. But without them, time travel, that would allow for the sort of temporal loop in which the paradoxical and impossible watch of Somewhere in Time becomes possible, is itself impossible.

Thoughts? Is it interesting right?

Comments (63)

Hillary May 04, 2022 at 19:25 #690825
If Einstein traveled to the future to discover his own theory of relativity and went back in time again, then where did he create it?
javi2541997 May 04, 2022 at 19:34 #690828
Reply to Hillary

It would be still a paradox because according to Einstein there is not present neither future. Time is just relative or cyclical
T Clark May 04, 2022 at 19:34 #690829
Quoting javi2541997
Thoughts? Is it interesting right?


Evidence there is no time travel I find very convincing - Where is everybody? Why haven't we seen any people from the future? To me, that's more convincing than any scientific speculation. In response, I've heard arguments that there can be time travel, but only to a receiver in the past, so you can never travel further back than the earliest time machine. In that regard - I recommend what I think is the best time travel film, certainly my favorite - "Primer." Cost $7,000 to make. Feels very realistic. Watching, I said to myself - Yes, if time travel is ever invented, that's how it would happen.

A book sounding similar to the one you referenced is "The Man Who Folded Himself" by David Gerrold. It also has someone interacting with different selves from different times and different timelines.

Another really good book, dealing with paradoxes piled on paradoxes, is "One Day All This Will Be Yours" by Adrian Tchaikovsky. I also find this one very convincing in describing just how far time-travel paradoxes could go.

Time travel either exists or it doesn't. If it does exist, it is a physical phenomenon, not a theory, therefore Occam's razor doesn't apply. The existence of time travel is not a metaphysical question, it's a question of fact, no matter what "disturbing consequences" it may or may not have.
javi2541997 May 04, 2022 at 19:48 #690834
Quoting T Clark
Another really good book, dealing with paradoxes piled on paradoxes, is "One Day All This Will Be Yours" by Adrian Tchaikovsky. I also find this one very convincing in describing just how far time-travel paradoxes could go.


Thanks for the book recommendation! :up:

Quoting T Clark
The existence of time travel is not a metaphysical question, it's a question of fact, no matter what "disturbing consequences" it may or may not have.


My guess is that when the article refers to “consequences” is related to multiuniversal scenarios. Because if it could be possible to manipulate how time “works”, then, it would be possible to manipulate our universe too. This would create different worlds with different (or similar…) T Clarks and Javis… well this is just my guess trying to see it as metaphysical but it is true that the opinion of Kant is more rigid:[Time] does not exist independently among things in themselves.
180 Proof May 04, 2022 at 21:02 #690858
Reply to javi2541997
Quoting 180 Proof
Time travel plots ["paradoxes"] do not work, however, because it makes no sense to go back in time to change an event which has already happened; rather it makes more sense to travel back in time to a specified moment at which an alternative parallel worldline branches off in which the alternative future is open ...

I prefer the more plausible, though equally speculative (or absurd), idea of a "viewing" rather than "traveling" to the past, particularly as imagined by Arthur C. Clarke in this co-authored novel ... https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Light_of_Other_Days ... and which is an older idea several other scifi luminaries have written about: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_viewer
javi2541997 May 05, 2022 at 03:19 #690940
Quoting 180 Proof
idea of a "viewing" rather than "traveling" to the past, particularly as imagined by Arthur C. Clarke in this co-authored novel ...


Thanks for sharing it. Another interesting perspective indeed. As I see, time has always been an important topic to both philosophers and scientists to discuss about.
We can see and debate a lot of views over the same topic!
Agent Smith May 05, 2022 at 04:39 #690953
If time travel is like the rewind function in an old VCR then causal paradoxes occur: To borrow Carl Sagan's example, a bulb will light before its switch is thrown! Perhaps we can jump and not "travel" through time like with DVDs and modern media players. :chin:
javi2541997 May 05, 2022 at 04:54 #690956
Quoting Agent Smith
Perhaps we can jump and not "travel"


Interesting view. But if we "jump" through the time, what would happen? Do you think we would observe a metaphysical change in our world or just a loop of ourselves jumping infinite times?
Agent Smith May 05, 2022 at 05:13 #690959
Quoting javi2541997
Interesting view. But if we "jump" through the time, what would happen? Do you think we would observe a metaphysical change in our world or just a loop of ourselves jumping infinite times?


Hic sunt dracones!

Sabrá Mandrake! señor/señorita!

javi2541997 May 05, 2022 at 05:19 #690962
Reply to Agent Smith

"I know that I know nothing"

- Socrates

:death: :flower:

Agent Smith May 05, 2022 at 05:26 #690965
Agent Smith May 05, 2022 at 05:30 #690967
Quoting javi2541997
he himself is the older man


The (sad) clown Pagliacci! Visit Wikipedia for details.
Agent Smith May 05, 2022 at 05:32 #690969
Quoting javi2541997
I know that I know nothing"

- Socrates

:death: :flower:


We're left with [s]mere[/s] opinion! Coherence theory of truth!?
Hillary May 05, 2022 at 07:18 #690999
Consider that wormhole between east and west London. When I look into it, I can see you on the other side. Now you take off from the east part with nearly the speed of light, taking the eastern mouth with you. You travel one year after you land again where you started. One year has passed in London. What do you see through the wormhole? On your side, London lies in the past, as your clock hasn't proceeded much, while on my side a year has passed. You ask me to crawl to your side. And who you meet on the other side? Yes, your one year younger you. So, I take off again and ask you two to meet me again via the wormhole mouth on the west part, in one year. So, after the two you's have played for a year, I return and ask you two again to crawl to the east part, where you will meet two of you. So there are four now! If you repeat this you will see a Pascal triangle distribution of you's. They have same age or differ by one year (the Pascal triangle shows the age distribution and total number of you's). Where does this go wrong?
javi2541997 May 05, 2022 at 08:51 #691039
Quoting Hillary
Where does this go wrong?


I think it doesn't goes wrong. It is just another example of time paradox. You used an interesting one according to Pascal triangle and I liked it. But my guess is that we end up in the same place: time doesn't exist "outside" our existence. It is an empirical term. We cannot put different concepts of time (present, future, past, conditions, etc...) because they are all dependent on us.
Philosophim May 07, 2022 at 11:24 #691868
I believe Kant has it correct. Time is a descriptor, not an actual river. Essentially time is the relation of objects and forces in a causality state. So lets say we have states 1,2, and 3, all moving forward in causality by their numbers. If we somehow re-aranged the state of the universe back to 1, we did not travel through 2 and 3. We caused state 1 to be again, we did not travel backwards though causality.

Multiple worlds explain potentials. But like potential and kinetic energy, kinetic is what actually happens. This doesn't mean there must be a world in which one person dropped a ball, and in another world another person did not.

What has happened has happened. What has not happened, has not happened. There is no reversing it or going back.
SpaceDweller May 07, 2022 at 12:34 #691918
Reply to javi2541997
I know theoretically it is possible to "travel" into the future, but not into the past.

Therefore:
Quoting javi2541997
Traveling to the future, he meets an older man who repeats the promises, but whom he ends up distrusting. After some confusion, back in the present, he obtains some supplies and returns to the future to a period significantly earlier than when he would met the older man, intending to contest the future with him.


Is not possible because going into the same point in the future is impossible because it requires first going into the past for a new journey into the (previous) future.
javi2541997 May 07, 2022 at 12:40 #691920
Reply to Philosophim

What has happened has happened. What has not happened, has not happened. There is no reversing it or going back.


Exactly :100: :up:

Reply to SpaceDweller

You are right :up: I guess we should see time as pure forwarded pathway to walk through. Past is just some experiences we have lived and learned about
Hillary May 07, 2022 at 14:01 #691970
Quoting Philosophim
I believe Kant has it correct. Time is a descriptor, not an actual river


Kant was wrong. The flowing river is time.
Hillary May 07, 2022 at 14:02 #691972
Quoting javi2541997
You are right :up: I guess we should see time as pure forwarded pathway to walk through


We don't walk through time. The walking itself is time.
javi2541997 May 07, 2022 at 15:31 #692019
Reply to Hillary We can explain it in different manners. But time has an impact on us. Wether we are the ones who walk through it or it is the time which does so.
It is not the same when you are only 5 years old, or 25 or 65...
Time makes an impact in our life
Hillary May 07, 2022 at 16:48 #692055
Quoting javi2541997
It is not the same when you are only 5 years old, or 25 or 65...
Time makes an impact in our life


Yes. The walking can take long or fly by. It depends. It is said older people go to bed already when they wake up.
javi2541997 May 07, 2022 at 16:57 #692062
Reply to Hillary

[Just to clarify what I said previously]

When I typed: we walk through time, I guess it sounded pretty poetic. As Virgil stated: tempus fugit. What I wanted to share is that time is very important, or at least influential, to humans when they do so artistic works. Since a paint to write a poem
Hillary May 07, 2022 at 17:14 #692072
Reply to javi2541997

You mean the time in which the artist lives influences his works? If I look to ancient Greek art it looks as if they experienced the world rather flat, and consisting of disconnected parts. I wonder if they would recognize realistic paintings.

Or do you mean you don't look at the clock while creating art?
javi2541997 May 07, 2022 at 17:20 #692076
Reply to Hillary

No, I mean the opposite. I say that time could be a good motivation to create art. I am not referring about Ancient Greeks but all the ages. For example: a painting about an autumn afternoon because it makes you feel nostalgic
Hillary May 07, 2022 at 17:42 #692089
Quoting javi2541997
No, I mean the opposite. I say that time could be a good motivation to create art. I am not referring about Ancient Greeks but all the ages. For example: a painting about an autumn afternoon because it makes you feel nostalgic


Ah, paintings, or art about time?
180 Proof May 07, 2022 at 17:48 #692092
Reply to Hillary :up:
Quoting Hillary
We don't walk through time. The walking itself is time.

:fire:

Reply to javi2541997 The Fermi Paradox redux: Where are they – all the backtravelers (chrononauts) from the future? :chin:
javi2541997 May 07, 2022 at 17:57 #692097
Quoting Hillary
Ah, paintings, or art about time?


Both.
javi2541997 May 07, 2022 at 18:02 #692099
Reply to 180 Proof

:up:

This begins to sound like the Liar paradox, where, if a sentence is true, it's false, and, if it is false, it's true
A very similar paradox, allowed by the possibility of the same kind of temporal loop, can become a reductio ad absurdum for time travel
Agent Smith May 09, 2022 at 17:42 #692905
Quoting 180 Proof
The Fermi Paradox redux: Where are they – all the backtravelers (chrononauts) from the future?


11 April 1954!
javi2541997 May 09, 2022 at 17:59 #692914
Reply to Agent Smith

11 April 1954!


I did quick research and I found out what happened that day all over the world. Here is a brief examples:

Was April 11, 1954 the Most Boring Day in History? :chin:



180 Proof May 09, 2022 at 18:16 #692917
Quoting Agent Smith
11 April 1954!

So they all showed up on "The Most Boring Day in History" when nobody would notice arrivals from the future? :ok:
Agent Smith May 10, 2022 at 02:34 #693072
Quoting javi2541997
I did quick research and I found out what happened that day all over the world. Here is a brief examples:

Was April 11, 1954 the Most Boring Day in History? :chin:


Quoting 180 Proof
So they all showed up on "The Most Boring Day in History" when nobody would notice arrivals from the future? :ok:


To both posters above:

If a day can boring so can a week, a month, a year, a decade, a century, a millennium (or two). Despite what we think/believe, this current epoch in human history may not be the most attractive of tourist destinations for chrononauts!

Furthermore, tampering with the past may not be such a good idea, oui?
Agent Smith May 10, 2022 at 03:10 #693076
Quoting javi2541997
Both.


:heart:
Agent Smith May 10, 2022 at 03:56 #693086
Reply to javi2541997 Reply to 180 Proof

11 April 1954: The Most Boring Day in History

An AI made that judgment. I'm dying to know what its criteria for interesting/exciting were.
jgill May 10, 2022 at 04:12 #693089
A problem with non-paradoxical travel to the past to simply witness an event is with the definition of "witness". Does that imply the reception of photon waves from the earlier time? In which case there would have been an actual physical change at that time. Could there be a way of witnessing that would not disturb the physical setting at a particular instant? Since there appears to be time symmetry at the quantum level this might not be a problem.
javi2541997 May 10, 2022 at 04:16 #693090
Quoting Agent Smith
An AI made that judgment. I'm dying to know what its criteria for interesting/exciting were.


Oh boy the AI again... they are always surprising me. What would be the next? The most philosophical day ever?
javi2541997 May 10, 2022 at 04:21 #693091
Quoting jgill
Could there be a way of witnessing that would not disturb the physical setting at a particular instant? Since there appears to be time symmetry at the quantum level this might not be a problem.


So interesting argument indeed. :up:
Related to your question and opinion, the article I have shared previously, says:

Every instance of time travel generating an infinite number of alternative universes might be thought to violate Ockham's Razor, especially since the idea that an alternative universe could be generated in the first place has disturbing consequences for the metaphysics of identity. Simplicity and common sense rebel against such principles -- although serious versions of such metaphysics have been produced to deal with quantum mechanics, and multiple real universes were proposed by the philosopher David Lewis to explain possibility and necessity (after Saul Kripke used Leibniz's idea of "possible universes" to produce a quantified version of modal logic.
Agent Smith May 10, 2022 at 04:35 #693092
Quoting javi2541997
Oh boy the AI again... they are always surprising me. What would be the next? The most philosophical day ever?


I feel it would all depend on the nature of the analysis if we could call it that. If what's involved is going through mountains of data, a computer (AI) is the right person for the job.

Fun fact: Computer punch cards were invented for the US census; you know, to speed things up so that the census bureau could meet government deadlines which was 10 years!!!
Agent Smith May 10, 2022 at 04:39 #693093
Reply to jgill Reply to javi2541997

What about our dear ol' pal the observer effect?
javi2541997 May 10, 2022 at 04:42 #693094
Quoting Agent Smith
If what's involved is going through mountains of data, a computer (AI) is the right person for the job.


Indeed. But that data was implemented by us. So we are the guilty fellows here :chin: some programmers put a lot of information in the AI but we are ones who put the subjective portion.
I wish we could know what happened that day and then conclude if it was a real boring day or not!
Agent Smith May 10, 2022 at 04:48 #693095
Quoting javi2541997
Indeed. But that data was implemented by us. So we are the guilty fellows here :chin: some programmers put a lot of information in the AI but we are ones who put the subjective portion.
I wish we could know what happened that day and then conclude if it was a real boring day or not!


That's why I'd like to know the criteria for interesting/boring the AI used. Why is 11 April 1954 the most boring day in history? No births/deaths of the movers & shakers of our planet, no disasters, no wars, nada, zilch, nothing!

There's this paradox in mathematics called the Interesting Number Paradox. Have a read, if you like.

So, 11 April 1954 is blah blah blah and that's precisely why it's soooooo interesting! :grin:
javi2541997 May 10, 2022 at 04:53 #693097
Quoting Agent Smith
There's this paradox in mathematics called the Interesting Number Paradox. Have a read, if you like


Thanks! :up:

Quoting Agent Smith
No births/deaths of the movers & shakers of our planet, no disasters, no wars, nada, zilch, nothing!


Well if that is the criteria... I wish we could have more boring days as 11 April 1954 :rofl:

Agent Smith May 10, 2022 at 04:57 #693100
Quoting javi2541997
Well if that is the criteria... I wish we could have more boring days as 11 April 1954 :rofl:


[quote=Ms. Marple]Most interesting. :chin: [/quote]
Agent Smith May 10, 2022 at 04:59 #693101
Reply to javi2541997 There's a thin line betwixt panic and excitement, oui?
javi2541997 May 10, 2022 at 05:02 #693102
Reply to Agent Smith

Quoting Agent Smith
There's a thin line betwixt panic and excitement, oui?


Exactly! Si! I would feel excitement whenever I pass an important exam (or I pursue the ability to travel through the time!) But panic comes with fear and it can be caused by an earthquake or other natural disaster
Agent Smith May 10, 2022 at 05:05 #693103
Agent Smith May 10, 2022 at 05:21 #693108
We humans have an apocalyptic mindset if you catch my drift. We're alive but we're obsessed with death! Memento mori but don't forget memento vivere!
Hillary May 10, 2022 at 05:24 #693112
Quoting Agent Smith
11 April 1954!


Oldham Athletic footballer Jack Shufflebotham sr. died that day! A most memorable day! Any time tourist would have revealed themselves!

Quoting Agent Smith
We humans have an apocalyptic mindset


:chin:

The only way to travel back in time would be a temporary reversion of motion. And if that motion were reversed again at my day of birth (24-09-1985), I would have traveled back in time. The past is gone, and only on far away planets they could see me how I acted 10 years ago (at the habitable planet around Proxima Centauri. Can we ourself look at our past? If we could use black hole, maybe. We could direct light and watch the light we emit. But our particles can't go back in time to meet their past versions. Only virtual particles can travel back in time be it over a short span. Suppose I travel back in time a day. I watch myself for a day and see myself travel back. I travel back with myself. We hide together. We watch again, and wait a day. It would get crowded in the past, if my present matter shows up there. Imaginary parallel worlds, from which matter is taken to solve this riddle, won't save the travel.
javi2541997 May 10, 2022 at 05:27 #693114
Quoting Agent Smith
We're alive but we're obsessed by death! Memento mori but don't forget memento vivere!


Good one! :fire: :100:
Another one: Tempus fugit! The life is short and time flies so fast.
Agent Smith May 10, 2022 at 05:30 #693115
Quoting Hillary
Oldham Athletic footballer Jack Shufflebotham sr. died that day! A most memorable day! Any time tourist would have revealed themselves!


The Butterfly, crushed, that Eckels finds (A Sound of Thunder, Ray Bradbury).

I can't seem to parse the rest of your post.

Agent Smith May 10, 2022 at 05:31 #693116
Quoting javi2541997
Good one! :fire: :100:
Another one: Tempus fugit! The life is short and time flies so fast.


:smile:
javi2541997 May 10, 2022 at 05:40 #693121
Quoting Hillary
Can we ourself look at our past?


It is not even worthy at all. Which happened back in the day remains in the past. We cannot change it neither fix it. We only can learn thanks to the experience
Hillary May 10, 2022 at 05:48 #693125
Quoting javi2541997
It is not even worthy at all.


Well, that depends on the past. And because time can only be experienced by looking and remembering the past, it deserves a revisit.
javi2541997 May 10, 2022 at 05:57 #693128
Reply to Hillary

It deserves to be considered for. But not so deeply because you cannot modify what happened previously...
Hillary May 10, 2022 at 06:12 #693130
Quoting javi2541997
It deserves to be considered for. But not so deeply because you cannot modify what happened previously...


I only read one year old papers. Makes me feel I'm ahead of my time...
javi2541997 May 10, 2022 at 06:26 #693135
Reply to Hillary

I also read public documents from the 1970's to not forget what happened back in the past.
Hillary May 10, 2022 at 06:42 #693138
Reply to javi2541997

Without a past we can't live the present, in my quite humble opinion. It's very difficult (if not impossible) to experience the present without involving the past.
javi2541997 May 10, 2022 at 06:45 #693140
Reply to Hillary

I am agree with you. Past is one of the main reasons of what is happening in our present.
Hillary May 10, 2022 at 06:56 #693143
Quoting javi2541997
I am agree with you.


I love your English (no offense!). :grin:
javi2541997 May 10, 2022 at 07:34 #693154
Reply to Hillary

Thank you. Appreciated it! :heart:
javi2541997 May 10, 2022 at 12:21 #693294
A brief update on this topic.

I've found another interesting point of view from Irwin C. Lieb: [i]Past, Present, and Future,
A Philosophical Essay[/i]

The past consists of what was becoming definite in a present; it became fully definite in being past. The past consists of what is fully actual. While individuals are present they are becoming definite and actual, and the completion of that process is their being past. Individuals are transformed when they become past, and the most prominent change in them is that their singularity is lost. In the present, individuals are singular and extended; they resist and oppose one another. They are spatial and outside one another. None of these features becomes past. What becomes past is the definiteness the individuals have achieved from inside themselves, and the definiteness of each individual is joined with the definiteness of all the other individuals that were their contemporaries. Together, they are the achieved definiteness of a moment of the entire world, joined to the past to which they have conformed. There is one whole past. There is no space in it and it has no length; duration and spatiality are only in a present time. [p.126] :100: :sparkle:
180 Proof May 19, 2022 at 22:51 #697963
[quote=Charles Stross, Singularity Sky]I am the Eschaton; I am not your God.
I am descended from you, and exist in your future.
Thou shalt not violate causality within my historic light cone. Or else.[/quote]
:nerd: